The training of a priest: an essay on clerical education with a reply to the critics
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The Public School Question, as Understood by a Catholic American Citizen, and by a Liberal .
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Bernard John McQuaid was an American Catholic priest.
Background
Bernard John McQuaid was born on 15 December 1823, in New York of Irish parents, Bernard and Mary McQuaid.
His mother died in 1827 and in 1832, following the murder of his father, a laborer in a Paulus Hook glass factory, he found a refuge with the Sisters of Charity.
Education
After attending the graded school, McQuaid was sent to Chambly College in Canada and then to St. Joseph's Seminary in Fordham, New York, where his precarious health kept him apart from fellow-seminarians.
Career
McQuaid was ordained on January 16, 1848, by Bishop Hughes and assigned to a church in Madison, New Jersey, from which he worked an area of five counties in addition to teaching in a basement school. Hard and zealous, he sought no ease: he restored isolated Catholics to the fold, instructed the young in doctrine, and built modest chapels at Morristown, Springfield, and Mendham.
In 1853, he commenced his long pastorate of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Newark. In 1854, he courageously faced a mob which attacked the German Catholic Church and strove in vain to have the ringleaders brought to justice. He organized relief work in the hungry winter of 1854-55; brought the Sisters of Charity of Mt. St. Vincent to conduct orphanages at Newark and Paterson; developed a cathedral school of 600 pupils; virtually founded and presided over Seton Hall College and Seminary (1857); aided in establishing St. Elizabeth's Convent; organized the Newark branch of the St. Vincent de Paul Society; and promoted a Young Men's Catholic Lyceum.
During the Civil War, he was an aggressive Unionist. In 1864, he rushed to Washington to investigate the care of Catholic soldiers and remained at Fredericksburg to administer the sacraments to the wounded. As a theologian he attended the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, and as vicar-general (1866 - 68), he administered the diocese, rigorously handling problems and priests that were wearing out Bishop Bayley. Named bishop of Rochester, McQuaid was consecrated on July 12, 1868, by Archbishop McCloskey.
Immediately, he was in conflict with priests who did not relish autocratic discipline and exacting demands. At the Vatican Council, he voted against the definition of papal infallibility, July 13, 1870, but he left Rome before the final vote, so anxious was he to reform his diocese. On August 28 he defined and proclaimed the doctrine from St. Patrick's Cathedral.
His heart was in Rochester; he had no ambition for elevation but settled down to church-building, giving special attention to educational and charitable institutions. Organizing the Sisters of St. Joseph as a diocesan community, he gave them charge of parochial schools which were built in all well-organized parishes, especially in German centers.
As the diocese grew prosperous, McQuaid established St. Bernard's Seminary (1891), a Catholic Summer Institute (1896) for teacher training, the Nazareth Normal School (1898), a branch of the St. Cecilian Society for the reform of church music, and cathedral schools.
His ardor for parish schools accounted in part for his unreasoning bitterness toward Archbishop Ireland, Edward McGlynn, Bishop S. V. Ryan of Buffalo, Sylvester Malone, his successful rival for a regency of the University of New York, and Msgr.
Keane of the Catholic University of America, whom he prevented from speaking to the Catholic students of Cornell University lest this give formal sanction to their attendance, which he only tolerated. For girls, he did not even tolerate attendance in non-Catholic institutions.
He conducted in 1875 a successful campaign for a chaplain in the Western House of Refuge in Rochester and in 1892 spiritedly aided in the struggle for the law guaranteeing freedom of worship in penal institutions. In addition to building orphanages in Rochester, Canandaigua, and Auburn, he provided chapels at Craig Colony for Epileptics and at the State Soldiers' Home.
Toward the end, this "venerable but crusty old ecclesiastic who in perfect good faith felt that he alone was fighting the battles of the Church" grew milder. In an exchange of visits, he even found that he had much in common with Archbishop Ireland.
In 1908, distinguished guests from the Catholic seminaries of the world attended the dedication of the Hall of Theology at St. Bernard's when McQuaid spoke from an invalid-chair until he collapsed. The end soon came, and the doughty bishop's remains were consigned to the chapel in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Religion
In his zeal for Catholic education and in his fear of the "godless school, " he drastically refused absolution to parents who failed to send their children to a Catholic school if one was available. Through the East he was regarded as the spokesman for free Christian schools and as such was frequently called upon to lecture.
Views
McQuaid rigidly interpreted the ban on secret societies; he was suspicious of the Knights of Labor regardless of Cardinal Gibbons' approbation, and hostile to the Irish Land League, Clan-Na-Gael, and the Ancient Order of Hibernians, who as a body were not allowed to attend Mass in his diocese until 1894.
In this respect, he emphasized Americanism and boasted of native birth when a majority of the prelates were foreign born.
Connections
There is no information about his personal life. Perhaps he was never married.