ABBE-Abbey Genealogy, in Memory of John ABBE and His Descendants
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Abbe-Abbey genealogy, in memory of John Abbe and his descendants - Kindle edition by Mary Josephine Genung Nichols, Cleveland Abbe. Reference Kindle eBooks @ Amazon.com.
(Cleveland Abbe (December 3, 1838 – October 28, 1916) was ...)
Cleveland Abbe (December 3, 1838 – October 28, 1916) was an American meteorologist and advocate of time zones. While director of the Cincinnati Observatory in Cincinnati, Ohio, he developed a system of telegraphic weather reports, daily weather maps, and weather forecasts. In 1870, Congress established the U.S. Weather Bureau and inaugurated the use of daily weather forecasts. In recognition of his work, Abbe, who was often referred to as "Old Probability" for the reliability of his forecasts, was appointed the first head of the new service, and is considered the father of the National Weather Service. Cleveland Abbe was born in New York City and grew up in the prosperous merchant family of George Waldo and Charlotte Colgate Abbe.
Townsend Genealogy; A Record of the Descendants of John Townsend, 1743-1821, and of His Wife, Jemima Travis, 1746-1832. [New York-1909]
(About the Book Genealogy is the study of families, by tra...)
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Dorpat And Poulkova: By Cleveland Abbe. From The Report Of The Smithsonian Institution For 1867
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(Cleveland Abbe (December 3, 1838 – October 28, 1916) was ...)
Cleveland Abbe (December 3, 1838 – October 28, 1916) was an American meteorologist and advocate of time zones. While director of the Cincinnati Observatory in Cincinnati, Ohio, he developed a system of telegraphic weather reports, daily weather maps, and weather forecasts.
National Academy of Sciences. Vol. VIII. Biographical Memoir of Charles Anthony Schott, 1826-1901, pp. 87-133
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A first report on the relations between climates and crops
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Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in Storm and Weather Predictions (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in...)
Excerpt from Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in Storm and Weather Predictions The dynamic origin of the diurnal variations of the barometer as here given is one that I have constantly urged since I first, in 1856 read the famous memoir published by Ferrel in Runkle's Mathematical Monthly; but of the four sources of such variation as here explained only the second and third had at that time occurred to me, and I am still disposed to think that numerically they are the most important.
Cleveland Abbe was an American scientist, astronomer, meteorologist, and physicist. As the first regular official weather forecaster of the United States government and a promoter of research in atmospheric physics, Abbe served as a symbol of what a meteorologist should be. He is noted for serving as the prototype for the United States Weather Bureau, which he also helped to organize.
Background
Cleveland Abbe was born on December 3, 1838, in New York City. He was the son of George Waldo Abbe and Charlotte Colgate, and descended from purely prosperous English families of merchants. His brother, Robert Abbe, later became the pioneer in plastic surgery and introduced radiation therapy to the United States.
Education
Growing up in the city, Cleveland Abbe became enthralled with weather by reading articles by Merriam, Espy, and Joseph Henry (among others) in the daily newspapers. In the summer of 1857, he read William Ferrel’s classic article on the theories of storms and winds in the Mathematical Monthly, which guided him into the study of meteorology. That year, he graduated from the Free Academy (now the College of the City of New York) and proceeded to conduct graduate studies in astronomy under F. Brunow at Ann Arbor, Michigan, until 1860, and then under B.A. Gould at Cambridge, Massachusetts, until 1864.
Abbe spent the next two years studying and working as an assistant under astronomer Otto Struve at the Observatory of Pulkova in Russia.
After studying under Oliver Wolcott Gibbs at the City College of New York, Abbe worked with the German astronomer F. F. E. Briinnow, then at the University of Michigan (1859-1860), and later (1860-1864) with B. A. Gould, who was on detached duly with the Coast Survey, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. In Cambridge he came in contact with the group of astronomers and mathematicians in the Nautical Almanac office, notably William Ferrel. Desiring better preparation in astronomy, Abbe spent two years (1864-1866) at Pulkovo, Russia, working under Otto Struve.
Today we would characterize Abbe as a geophysicist, for he sought to apply the methods of astronomy to the development of a physics of the earth. Outlets for this ambition were scarce in nineteenth- century America, and after failing to establish in New York an observatory modeled on Pulkovo, Abbe served from 1868 to 1870 as director of the Cincinnati Observatory before joining the Weather Service of the Signal Corps, the predecessor of the present Weather Bureau, in 1871. Under his aegis the Corps established a laboratory and a “study room,” a center for basic research.
At his urging Cincinnati became the meteorological observation headquarters for the United States. His project was so successful that in 1870, the United States Congress established what is now known as the National Weather Service. He was chosen as the chief meteorologist of the new bureau. "Old Probabilities" as he was nicknamed, developed a system that led to higher efficiency in weather forecasting. Under his leadership international cooperation between nations was soon developed to help provide more accurate data in regards to the weather.
In 1875, he started the reform in standards of civil time reckoning by even hours of longitude from Greenwich. Conducted the Harrison expedition to observe the solar eclipse of August 1869 at Sioux Falls City, Dakota. The Signal Service expedition to observe the solar eclipse of July 1878 from Pike’s Peak.
Abbe served as meteorologist to the United States Scientific Expedition to the west coast of Africa, 1889-1890. He was an United States delegate to the International Meteorological Congress, Munich, 1891. During 1891-1894, he worked as an associate-editor of the American Meteorological Journal, and of the Beitrage zur Physik der freien Atmosphare, 1905. He was an adviser in Meteorology to the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Abbe was also a founder of the Abbe Meteorological Library of the Johns Hopkins University.
Since 1871 Abbe served as a professor of Meteorology in the United States Weather Bureau, and he was an editor of Monthly Weather Review, 1893-1909. He lectured on meteorology at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland until 1916.
He died in 1916 at his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland.
Abbe’s Russian stay had two consequences regarding his views on science. First, Pulkovo provided a model of the symbiotic relationship between theory and practice, ironically like the one that had obtained in Cambridge with the Coast Survey. Second, through his translations and personal connections Abbe provided a point of contact between the American and Russian scientific communities.
Quotations:
"As a great man's influence never ends, so also there is not definite finality, no end, to a great survey; it runs along for centuries, ever responsive to the strain of the increasing needs of a growing population and an enlarging domain."
"It is inevitable that those to whom is vouchsafed a long life of usefulness should outlive the friends of their youth."
"My boyhood life in New York City has impressed me with the popular ignorance and also with the great need of something better than local lore and weather proverbs."
"True science is never speculative; it employs hypotheses as suggesting points for inquiry, but it never adopts the hypotheses as though they were demonstrated propositions.'
Membership
Cleveland Abbe was also one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, which he also was a member of as well.
Connections
Cleveland Abbe was married twice. His first wife`s name was Margaret Augusta Percival, whom he married in 1909. His second wife was Frances Martha Neal.
Biographical Memoir Of Cleveland Abbe, 1838-1916 (1919)
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In 1912 Cleveland Abbe was awarded the Symons Gold Medal issued by the Royal Meteorological Society for distinguished work in the field of meteorological science.
In 1912 Cleveland Abbe was awarded the Symons Gold Medal issued by the Royal Meteorological Society for distinguished work in the field of meteorological science.