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Daniel Craig McCallum was the son of a Scottish tailor. Born in Johnston, Renfrewshire, Scotland, he came as a boy with his parents to Rochester, New York, where after an elementary education he became a carpenter and builder, and eventually an architect and engineer.
About 1852, McCallum moved to New York and associated himself with Samuel Roberts, constructing engineer of High Bridge over the Harlem River; in 1855-56 he was general superintendent of the New York & Erie Railway. During 1858-59, as president of the McCallum Bridge Company, he devoted most of his time to railway bridges, especially in the West and as far south as the Panama Railroad; and for a while he acted as consulting engineer for the Atlantic & Great Western Railway. On February 11, 1862, less than a year after the outbreak of the Civil War, Secretary Stanton appointed him military director and superintendent of railroads in the United States, with extraordinary war powers to seize and operate all railroads and equipment necessary for the successful prosecution of the war. He was commissioned colonel and given the position of aide-de-camp on the staff of the commander-in-chief. Beginning with a single Virginia railway about seven miles in length, his administrative control was extended until it embraced 2, 105 miles of railroad as far south as the Division of the Mississippi; his construction corps, which was gradually expanded from 300 to 10, 000 men, built or rebuilt some 641 miles of railroad and twenty-six miles of bridges; 419 locomotives and 633 cars were under his management; and expenditures for labor, materials, and upkeep reached a total of nearly $40, 000, 000.
McCallum transported supplies for 100, 000 men and 60, 000 animals from a supply base 360 miles distant, over a single-track railroad which was constantly subject to destructive raids by an energetic enemy. On September 24, 1864, McCallum was brevetted brigadier-general, and on March 13, 1865, major-general, for meritorious services during the war. His report, "United States Military Railroads, " appeared in 1866 as part of House Executive Document No. 1. After the close of hostilities McCallum was for a time inspector of the Union Pacific Railroad, but eventually retired to private life and with his wife and three sons made his home in Brooklyn, New York. He died after a year of ill health, and was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York.
In the year 1851, McCallum originated and patented a form of bridge described in McCallum's Inflexible Arched Truss Bridge Explained and Illustrated (1859). This invention in time brought him a large revenue, and thereafter, he specialized more or less in bridge construction. He was the president of the McCallum Bridge Company. McCallum's most important achievement in this period was probably the supplying of General Sherman's army, during the Atlanta campaign, with rations, forage, and munitions.
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A large, powerfully built man, with a strict disciplinary temperament, McCallum was of a cheerful and genial disposition and wrote poetry as a diversion.
McCallum was married to Mary McCann.
