Background
Jarves was born in 1790, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of John and Hannah (Seabury) Jarves and was baptized at the New South Church, Boston, on December 9, 1790.
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Jarves was born in 1790, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of John and Hannah (Seabury) Jarves and was baptized at the New South Church, Boston, on December 9, 1790.
Jarves became one of the leaders in the glass industry in America during the first half of the nineteenth century. In 1817 the Boston Crown Glass Company of Cambridge, Massachusetts, which since 1815 had specialized in the production of lime-flint glass, was sold at public auction to Deming Jarves, Amos Binney, Daniel Hastings, and other associates, Jarves controlling the stock. As the New England Glass Company, the firm was granted charter rights to manufacture "Flint and Crown Glass of all kinds, in the towns of Boston and Cambridge. " The situation confronting native glass manufacture at this time was precarious in that English manufacturers controlled American trade because of their use of secret formulae in metal compounding, especially as it related to the process of making red-lead or litharge. Jarves constructed a set of furnaces for experimental purposes and was successful in compounding litharge upon his initial attempt. From that time, for more than thirty years, he not only supplied native flint-glass houses with red lead, but held the monopoly of galena, or painters' red lead, in the United States. His discovery enabled the New England Glass Company, and subsequently other firms, to compete with foreign trade after expert glass cutters were brought from Europe. A temperamental genius, Jarves soon quarreled with his associates, and later on with the stockholders of other enterprises in which he was interested. It is claimed that he was disposed to appropriate the discoveries and patents of other glass technicians, assuming credit for numerous ideas which were actually developed by others. In 1824 he went to Pittsburgh, and by a prolonged visit to the Bakewell firm, acquired an insight into their methods of operation, which were the most advanced in the country. He then returned to Boston, broke with the Cambridge house, and organized a new company, a site for which was purchased at Sandwich, Massachusetts. Here the Flint Glass Manufactory, incorporated in 1826 as the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company, started its first run of glass on July 4, 1825, and immediately advertised that the factory was equipped to turn out apothecary and chemical supplies, tableware, chandeliers, and vase and mantle lamps. A patent was taken out for the first mechanical crude-glass pressing-machine on November 4, 1826, by James Robinson and Henry Whitney of the Cambridge factory. In 1827 Jarves and one of his employees at Sandwich improved it and attempted to claim its invention. The courts upheld Robinson and Whitney, however. This mechanism revolutionized glass production and temporarily almost wrecked the European market, although pressed glass did not supersede blown glass in the popular fancy until about fifteen years later. Jarves most successfully experimented with color compounding, improved furnace construction, used barytes earth in the mix for a more shimmering grade of metal, and introduced the secrets of certain colorings from Europe. He also took out patents for the opening of metal molds, and in 1829, for the making of glass knobs, but later he could not protect them. In 1828 he compiled directions for the building and firing of kilns, and in 1854 he wrote and privately printed a pamphlet entitled Reminiscences of Glass Making, a treatise which was later enlarged and reprinted. He continued as manager of the Boston and Sandwich firm until 1858, at which time difficulties arose which caused his withdrawal and his immediate erection of the Cape Cod Glass Company on a nearby plot of ground. His son John was taken into the new firm. In an attempt to break the Sandwich company he introduced a competitive wage scale, but this only reacted against him. John Jarves died shortly after the industry got under way, and the father lost heart in the enterprise. Deming Jarves died in Boston, April 15, 1869, and that night his partner, William Kern, stoked the fires under the furnaces for the last time.
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Jarves's wife, whom he had married in 1815, was Anna Smith Stutson. James Jackson Jarves was their son.