(Effectively implementing project management has become a ...)
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Edward Bowes was an American real estate entrepreneur and theater owner. He was the conductor of the popularradio program "Major Bowes' Amateur Hour".
Background
Edward Bowes was born on June 14, 1874, in San Francisco. He was the oldest of three children and the only son of John M. and Caroline Amelia (Ford) Bowes; the family also included four children by his mother's previous marriage.
Both parents were of Irish stock, the mother having been born in Ireland, the father in Illinois. A public cargo weigher, his father was killed in an accident on the San Francisco docks in 1880.
Education
Edward attended school but had to leave for work at the age of thirteen in order to provide support to his family after he father died in 1880.
Career
After his father's death, who was killed in an accident on the San Francisco docks in 1880, in order to help support the family, Edward left school at the age of thirteen and went to work as an office boy in a real estate firm. San Francisco was enjoying remarkable growth, and Bowes was quick to sense the opportunity for profit.
By the early years of the twentieth century, he had built up a flourishing real estate enterprise and was a prominent member of the city's business community. A close friend of Fremont Older, reformist editor of the San Francisco Bulletin, Bowes was named in 1904 to the grand jury chosen to investigate the graft-ridden regime of Mayor Eugene E. Schmitz and the political boss Abraham Ruef.
As chairman of the jury's police committee, Bowes provided Older with evidence for his crusade against corruption; and with Older, he carried out the audacious kidnapping of Chan Cheng, a Chinatown vice lord, in order to compel his appearance before the grand jury.
Bowes also served as the editor's handpicked representative on the Republican League, an organization formed to solidify the fusion coalition which in 1905 sought unsuccessfully to unseat Mayor Schmitz. It was a subsequent grand jury, however, in 1906, which returned indictments against Ruef, Schmitz, and several traction executives, including Patrick Calhoun.
Although Bowes lost most of his real estate holdings in the San Francisco earthquake of 1906, he began rebuilding immediately and soon recouped his fortune. His career, however, entered a new phase with his marriage to Margaret Illington, an actress recently divorced from the theatrical producer Daniel Frohman.
Besides taking over the active management of his wife's career, Bowes discovered a way to combine his business acumen with his love of the theater. Moving east, he joined John Cort and Peter McCourt in buying and operating the Cort Theatre in New York City and the Park Square Theatre in Boston. In 1918, he became a partner in the construction of the Capitol Theatre, one of New York's earliest movie "palaces, " and assumed the post of managing director.
In 1922, he was also named a vice-president of Goldwyn Pictures Corporation, and he retained that office with the formation two years later of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with which the Capitol Theatre became affiliated. Bowes's radio career grew out of his association with the Capitol, which in 1922 became the home of "Roxy and His Gang, " a weekly variety and audience-participation broadcast conducted by Samuel L. Rothafel.
Bowes took over the program in 1925 and, using the army reserve title he had gained as an entertainment specialist during World War I, renamed it "Major Bowes' Capitol Family. " While retaining the basic format, he punctuated the show's proceedings with his own brand of homely wisdom and sentimentality.
Bowes next began to consider a radio showcase for amateur talent. In 1934, after becoming manager of station WHN, he inaugurated "Major Bowes' Amateur Hour. " The show proved an instant success. Resigning from M-G-M the following year, he assured the "Amateur Hour" network distribution by moving it first to NBC and then, in 1936, to CBS, where it was sponsored by the Chrysler Corporation.
In the midst of the depression, the "Amateur Hour" offered the hope of instant stardom to the thousands of would-be contestants who flocked to New York for an audition. A warning in 1935 by the New York Emergency Relief Bureau that each week 300 such hopefuls were stranded in the city led to the establishment of regional auditions.
It was occasionally charged that despite the amateur "oath" required of the performers, many out-of-work professionals auditioned in order to get the $10 stipend paid to all contestants and the minimum of $50 per week received by the winners who were sent on tour.
The "Amateur Hour" was produced before a live audience, and the votes of radio listeners were recorded by banks of telephone operators. A keen judge of talent, Bowes participated directly in the selection of contestants. On the air, his manner ranged from folksy to gruff, and he often exchanged acidulous wisecracks with the performers.
In ill health for some time, Bowes retired from radio in 1945. He died of arteriosclerotic heart disease at his Rumson estate on the eve of his seventy-second birthday. After services at New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral, he was buried in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Tarrytown, New York.
Achievements
Edward Bowes is known as managing director of New York's Capital Theatre and as a producer of Broadway shows in the late 1900s. In the early 1930s, he branched into radio as the creator of New York WHN-Radio's "Major Bowes and His Capitol Family Show", which featured a variety of amateur talent. The rapid popularity of the show soon evolved into "Ed Bowes' Amateur Hour", which started airing on NBC Radio in 1934.
Some of Bowes' discoveries included opera singers Lily Pons, Robert Merrill, Beverly Sills, comedian Jack Carter, plus pop singers Teresa Brewer and Frank Sinatra. During his twelve year rain as the show's host, it ranked among America radio's top ten programs.
Edward Bowes is also distinguished for his philanthropic work. Our Lady of Victory Church in Lower Manhattan is built on land donated by Bowes. Also, the auditorium at Archbishop Stepinac High School, White Plains is named in his honor. He donated some of the rare books at St. Joseph's Seminary, Yonkers. He left the bulk of his $4. 5 million estate to charity.
Bowes was a benefactor of the Catholic Church. His many philanthropies included lavish gifts to his own Roman Catholic church and the donation of a Westchester County estate for a retreat to the Lutheran church.
Views
Adapting the principle of the vaudeville "hook", he used a gong to toll a merciful end to failing acts. Yet Bowes was genuinely sympathetic to real talent, and his show launched the careers of many new performers, including the opera singers Rosa Ponselle, John Charles Thomas, and Clyde Barrie. Because its format was widely imitated, the "Amateur Hour" eventually added the word "Original" to its title.
Quotations:
For the program's huge radio audience, the weekly parade of talent a hodgepodge of operatic sopranos, mimics, tap dancers, and the inevitable players of jugs, saws, and "bones" was heralded by the unctuous voice of Bowes announcing: "The wheel of fortune goes 'round and 'round and where she stops nobody knows. "
His familiar "All right, all right, " to spur the show along, became a national catchphrase.
Personality
A heavy-set man with "orange-blond" hair and a prominent nose, Bowes enjoyed the monetary fruits of his success. His income, from radio shows, tours, and movie features, was estimated in 1939 to be as high as $35, 000 a week. He dressed stylishly, owned a stable of racehorses, and employed four chefs at his homes in New York City and Rumson, New Jersey.
Interests
A collector of books, wines, and art, Bowes enjoyed sailing his sixty-one-ton yacht Edmar, which in 1940, he turned over to the United States Navy.
Connections
On November 14, 1909, Edward J. Bowes married Margaret Illington, an actress recently divorced from the theatrical producer Daniel Frohman. His wife had died twelve years earlier, and he had no children.