Background
Edward Hand was born on December 31, 1744, in Clyduff, Ireland, the son of John and Dorothy Hand.
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Edward Hand was born on December 31, 1744, in Clyduff, Ireland, the son of John and Dorothy Hand.
Edward studied medicine and attended lectures at Trinity College, Dublin.
Edward Hand emigrated to Philadelphia in 1767 as surgeon’s mate in the 18th Royal Irish Regiment. In 1772 he was commissioned ensign, accompanied his regiment to Fort Pitt, and returned to Philadelphia in 1774. He then resigned his commission and moved to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to practise medicine. He was conspicuous throughout the Revolution as a soldier. In 1775 he was lieutenant-colonel in Colonel Thompson’s battalion of riflemen at the siege of Boston. Later he was active in organizing and drilling the Lancaster County Associators, and on March 7, 1776, he was elected colonel of riflemen. He performed gallantly against Cornwallis and Howe at Long Island and in the engagements at White Plains, Trenton, and Princeton. Promoted brigadier-general on April 1, 1777, he was dispatched shortly thereafter to western Pennsylvania to mobilize the militia against the Indians and Tories.
Late in 1778 Hand assumed command at Albany and in 1779 rendered valuable aid in Sullivan’s expedition against the Indians and Tories in central New York. In 1780 he was assigned to a newly organized brigade of light infantry; on January 8, 1781, he was elected adjutant-general; and in 1783 he became a major-general by brevet.
After the war Hand resumed his practice of medicine, devoting considerable time to political and civic affairs. He was a member of Congress, 1784-1785; in the Pennsylvania Assembly, 1785-1786; a presidential elector, 1789; and a member of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention, 1789-1790. As burgess of Lancaster (1789) he wrote to Congress urging the selection of that town for the permanent seat of government, assuring them that its advantages were unrivaled.
An intimate friend of Washington during and after the Revolution, in 1798 Hand was recommended for adjutant-general and appointed major-general in the provisional army. His zeal was undoubtedly stimulated by the fact that from 1791 to 1801 he was inspector of revenue. Early in the Republican administration he encountered difficulty in settling his accounts, and in 1802 a petition was brought into court to sell his lands. In the midst of this trouble he died suddenly from an apoplectic stroke at “Rockford, ” his country home, near Lancaster.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
In politics Hand was a stanch Federalist. He strenuously opposed Jefferson’s election in 1800 and was active in holding the Federalists in the Pennsylvania Senate firm in the contest for that state’s electors.
Hand actively promoted public improvements, held many local offices, and by his willingness to give medical aid gratuitously to the poor distinguished himself as a public benefactor.
Hand's energy and daring as a soldier and his excellent horsemanship and skill in military science won the affection of his troops, albeit he was a strict disciplinarian. He was regarded highly by Washington for his zeal and ability.
Hand married Catharine, daughter of John and Sarah (Yeates) Ewing, on March 13, 1775.