Dietary Studies With Harvard University Students (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Dietary Studies With Harvard University Stud...)
Excerpt from Dietary Studies With Harvard University Students
In connection with regular university work a study was made of dietary conditions at Randall Hall, which is the smaller of the two large college commons of Harvard University and furnishes board for students. The institution is self-supporting and managed by the student boarders with the cooperation of. The college authorities, and is designed to aid students of limited means, the object being to furnish board on the European. Or a la carte plan at the lowest possible figure.
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Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr. was an American chemist, chemical manufacturer, and philanthropist.
Background
Mallinckrodt was born on November 17, 1878, in St. Louis, Missouri, and was the son of Edward Mallinckrodt, the owner of a family chemical manufacturing firm founded in 1867, and Jennie Anderson.
The rapidly growing Mallinckrodt Chemical Works produced chloroform, carbolic acid, and refined chemical salts in an easy-to-use granular form.
Education
Mallinckrodt attended Smith Academy, a preparatory school for boys allied with Washington University in St. Louis. He then studied at Harvard University, where he was awarded a B. A. cum laude in 1900.
His interest in chemistry led him to remain for graduate study in a department that included Theodore W. Richards, who in 1914, would become the first American to win the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Mallinckrodt received his M. A. in 1901.
Career
Although Mallinckrodt expressed an interest in an academic career, his father persuaded him to return to St. Louis to use his talents in the family firm, a decision he never regretted.
Mallinckrodt spent much of his early career in the laboratory studying the properties of ether as an anesthetic. He developed the first continuous distillation equipment for the production of ether, which eliminated impurities such as peroxides, aldehydes, and acids and exceeded the standards established by the United States Pharmacopeia.
The packaging of ether was also improved to eliminate the dangerous deterioration that occurred during storage. His study of the interaction of ether with various materials continued for many years. He published several papers and was awarded sixteen patents as a result of his research.
Mallinckrodt was primarily responsible for the technical activities of the firm until 1928, when, following the death of his father, he became chairman of the board. Mallinckrodt Chemical had become one of the three leading firms in its field, and throughout the 1930's it remained a leader of the fine-chemical industry.
He remained active in the supervision of laboratory research at the company and in the development of new products and processes, including products for photoengraving plates, contrast media for X-ray diagnosis, radiopharmaceuticals, and a process for separation of columbium and tantalum from their ores.
In April 1942, Arthur H. Compton of the Manhattan Project proposed that Mallinckrodt Chemical manufacture the purified uranium salts necessary for the construction of the atomic pile at the University of Chicago. The first self-sustaining nuclear reaction took place on December 2, 1942, using uranium dioxide and uranium metal prepared from Mallinckrodt products. The company continued to process uranium throughout World War II and to produce nuclear fuels for military use and power plants until 1961.
Although Mallinckrodt preferred that the company remain a small family-owned concern, he yielded to the advice of his managers to further expand and to offer stock in the company to the public. By 1966, the Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was producing sales of $59 million and earnings of $3. 6 million. Mallinckrodt retired as chairman of the board in December 1965 and was named honorary chairman.
He was killed in New York in the explosion of a private plane.
(Excerpt from Dietary Studies With Harvard University Stud...)
Religion
Mallinckrodt's gifts to the Harvard Divinity School helped it become a major center for religious studies.
Personality
An avid admirer of Theodore Roosevelt, Mallinckrodt shared the president's enthusiasm for big-game hunting, mountain climbing, and photography. His own expeditions took him to Alaska and eastern Africa. In the 1920's, using a lightweight, spring-driven movie camera mounted on a gunstock, he was able to make some of the earliest films of wildlife and of mountain climbers.
He was also interested in conservation and worked for the preservation of tracts of land in the Adirondacks and at the site of Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado and Utah. Mallinckrodt's generous gifts to education and medicine totaled many millions of dollars.
A large endowment was given to establish the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology in St. Louis in memory of his father. Chairs in anesthesiology were established at Harvard and at Washington University in memory of his middle son, who died of a heart ailment in 1945.
Described as a shy and retiring man who seldom gave speeches, his philanthropies were often anonymous.
Connections
On June 3, 1911, Mallinckrodt married Elizabeth Baker Elliot, the daughter of a prominent St. Louis family; they had three children.