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(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
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He was born at Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, the son of Edward Jackson Sanford, who had moved there from Connecticut in 1852, and Emma (Chavannes) Sanford, of Swiss descent. On his father's side he was descended from Thomas Sanford who was in Dorchester, Massachussets, as early as 1634, and later settled at Milford, Connecticut
Sanford was graduated B. A. and Ph. B. , 1883, at the University of Tennessee, received the degrees of B. A. , 1885, and M. A. , 1889, at Harvard, and that of LL. B. , 1889, at the Harvard Law School.
In 1888 he had been admitted to the Tennessee bar and on his return to America he began practice with a Knoxville law firm.
From 1897 to 1923 he was a trustee of the University of Tennessee, and from 1909 until his death, of the George Peabody College for Teachers. His first important official position was that of assistant attorney general of the United States, to which he was appointed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1907.
After he had served about a year in that capacity, he was appointed judge of the United States district court for the middle and eastern districts of Tennessee, where he served until President Harding nominated him as justice of the Supreme Court on Jan. 24, 1923, to succeed Justice Pitney. After confirmation he took the oath on Feb. 5 and his seat on the bench on Feb. 19.
As a district judge he had frequent occasion to administer the Federal Bankruptcy Act, and two of his seven opinions on the Supreme Court enumerated by the Chief Justice as outstanding construed that act: Meek vs. Banking Co. , 268 U. S. , 426 (1925) and Taylor vs. Voss, 271 U. S. , 176 (1926). He wrote the opinion, dissented from by Justices Holmes and Brandeis, in Gitlow vs. New York, 268 U. S. , 652 (1925), upholding a conviction for publishing a Communist Manifesto; and also that in Whitney vs. California, 274 U. S. , 357 (1927), in which all concurred, affirming a conviction for "criminal syndicalism" by reason of membership in the Communist Party.
On the other hand, in Fiske vs. Kansas, 274 U. S. , 380 (1927), he wrote the opinion reversing such a conviction where the organization to which the accused belonged was not shown to have advocated unlawful measures; and he dissented from the majority in U. S. vs. Schwimmer, 279 U. S. , 644 (1929), denying citizenship to a pacifist.
In Liberty Warehouse Co. vs. Grannis, 273 U. S. , 70 (1927), he wrote the opinion holding that a federal court could not render a "declaratory judgment" - a declaration of rights in an ex parte controversy - though such a proceeding was authorized by a state law passed at the active urge of many eminent lawyers.
As a justice of the Supreme Court he delivered the opinion of the Court in only 130 cases during his seven years' service, but some of the cases in which he wrote opinions were of more than average importance. Sanford is one of six Tennesseans who have served on the Supreme Court. Sanford is typically viewed as a conservative justice, favoring strict adherence to antitrust laws. Probably his most important opinion was in what is known as the "Pocket Veto" case, 279 U. S. (1929), holding inoperative a bill passed by Congress and referred, less than ten days before its adjournment, to the President who neither signed nor returned it. This disposed of a question open for a hundred and forty years.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Sanford was an active member of Civitan International.
He was a man of unusual culture, with a deep appreciation of music, literature, and the fine arts, "was born to charm".
On Jan. 6, 1891, he married Lutie Mallory Woodruff, who bore him two daughters, one of whom predeceased him.
