The University of Virginia in the Life of the Nation: Academic Addresses Delivered on the Occasion of the Installation of Edwin Anderson Alderman as President of the University of Virginia.
Classics Old and New. A Series of School Readers. A Fourth Reader
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The Function and Needs of Schools of Education in Universities and Colleges
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Library of Southern Literature -- 16 Volume Set -- 1909 -- Edwin Anderson Alderman and Joel Chandler Harris, Editors in Chief, Charles William Kent Literary Editor
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Edwin Anderson Alderman was an American educator. He served as a president of the University of North Carolina, Tulane University, and the University of Virginia.
Background
Edwin Anderson Alderman was born on May 15, 1861 in Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. He was the third surviving child and only son of James and Susan Jane (Corbett) Alderman. His paternal line has been traced back to William Alderman who was born in Massachusetts in 1640, but for generations his ancestors on both sides were residents of North Carolina. They were predominantly English but his paternal grandmother, Flora McDuffie, was Scotch. His father, an inspector of timber, was an official of the Presbyterian church where Joseph R. Wilson, father of Woodrow Wilson, preached.
Education
Alderman attended private schools in Wilmington, spent two years at the Bethel Military Academy near Warrenton, Virginia, and in 1878 entered the University of North Carolina, where he was graduated in 1882 with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. Among his college mates were Charles B. Aycock, Charles D. McIver, and others who were destined to play a conspicuous part in the educational upbuilding of the commonwealth. He took honors in English and Latin and won the much-prized Mangum medal for oratory.
Career
Alderman entered teaching profession with the help of Edward P. Moses, a disciple of J. L. M. Curry. Moses offered him a position in the "graded" schools of the town of Goldsboro and, more than any other single man, infected him with the zeal for public education which characterized his entire career. When Moses went to Raleigh in 1885, Alderman succeeded him as superintendent, remaining at Goldsboro until the summer of 1889, when he and McIver launched a notable educational crusade. As conductors of teachers' institutes and agents of the board of education, these two young men for more than three years toured the state, endeavoring to bring a modicum of pedagogical instruction to ill-prepared teachers and proclaiming everywhere the gospel of popular education. Owing to political and social conditions, the educational revival in North Carolina was delayed until Aycock became governor a decade later, but Alderman and McIver were its heralds. This campaign determined the course of Alderman's career, marked the beginning of his prominence, and provided the inspiration of his life.
For a year after the institutes Alderman was the "leading professor" of the newly established Normal and Industrial School for Women at Greensboro, under the presidency of McIver, but in 1893 he was called to the University of North Carolina as professor of the history and philosophy of education, and three years later he was elected president. His election can doubtless be attributed to his growing fame as an orator and his conspicuous labors for the public schools. Though he gave the personal impression of being an elegant gentleman, born to the tradition of polite letters, his chief historic significance here lay in his emphasis on the popular and social functions of higher education in a democratic state. The four years of his presidency were marked by a considerable increase in enrollment and by high morale, but the financial problems seemed insuperable; at no time did the gross annual income of the university exceed $50, 000.
Through speeches elsewhere Alderman was gaining prominence as a representative of Southern education as a whole, and his call to the presidency of Tulane University in 1900 seemed to offer an opportunity for larger service. During his four years in New Orleans there was some physical expansion at Tulane and a marked increase in enrollment. He strove with some success to supplement the funds contributed by Paul Tulane, but the fountains of philanthropy did not flow as he had hoped. He rendered his most effective service in publicizing the institution and in connecting it more closely with the public schools. His leadership in the Southern educational crusade had now become regional. Through the Southern Education Board, established in 1901, he and McIver extended to the entire South campaign methods similar to those they had employed in North Carolina, and unquestionably they quickened sentiment in favor of public education. Alderman remained a member of the board until its dissolution in 1914, but his most active services as a speaker and campaign manager were performed before 1907.
His election in 1904 to the presidency of the University of Virginia marked an epoch in the history of that institution, for, since its foundation by Thomas Jefferson, its chief officer had been the chairman of the faculty. It also linked this hallowed university with the movement for the democratization of education, of which Alderman was a major symbol and the most eloquent spokesman. During the decade prior to the outbreak of the First World War, he achieved signal success in his difficult task of adjusting an old and conservative institution to the needs of a new age and of making it the capstone of the public educational system of a commonwealth. He secured increased appropriations from the state, conducted a successful endowment campaign, effected a reorganization of the college program in conformity with the conventional academic pattern, and laid the foundations for the future development of the professional departments, particularly that of medicine. Some of the changes were revolutionary but they were brought about gradually and with surprisingly little controversy. Meanwhile, Alderman won new plaudits as a speaker and through his own person enhanced the distinction of the university.
As early as 1906, however, there were ominous warnings about his health. Six years later, shortly after the election of Woodrow Wilson to the presidency of the United States, Alderman, who had been mentioned for a high diplomatic post, was admitted as a patient at Saranac Lake, New York. He was suffering from tubercular laryngitis and both lungs were affected. For more than a year he was condemned to silence. His successful struggle for health marked the personal climax of his life. He was released in the spring of 1914 and returned to duty in the fall but ever afterward he had to be careful.
The remaining seventeen years of his life were largely devoted to the welfare of the University of Virginia. In one important controversy--over the proposal that a coordinate college for women be established--Alderman was the loser. A modified form of coeducation was introduced shortly after the World War, but the episode was significant as revealing a serious rift between him and the alumni. The centennial celebration in 1921, however, was characterized by great enthusiasm, and the decade between that event and his death was the most successful in his career, so far as can be judged from externals. The most notable development was that of the medical department, after Alderman's spectacular and successful fight to prevent its removal to Richmond. He emerged from this as a local hero. By the time of his twenty-fifth anniversary in 1929, the student body had increased fourfold since 1904, and the faculty fivefold; the value of grounds and buildings had been multiplied many times, and the endowment had grown from $350, 000 to $10, 000, 000. There were to be other increases before the end and Alderman's sun set in a blaze of glory. By his memorial address on Woodrow Wilson, delivered on December 15, 1924, before the assembled dignitaries of the Republic, he had gained new laurels for oratory and won nation-wide acclaim, and his personal prestige was maintained while his strength was declining. The end came on April 29, 1931, following a cerebral hemorrhage which occurred while he was on a train, and he was buried with full honors in the university cemetery.
Achievements
Alderman was the most conspicuous educational statesman in the South in his generation, and the most noted orator, but it was as a pioneer crusader for educational opportunity that he achieved most enduring fame. He improved system of higher education in Virginia and put forward international standards of scholarship and a statewide network of extension services.
Alderman was nearly six feet tall and, during most of his life, imperially slim. In any group he was an impressive figure, and his histrionic gifts were happily combined with a keen and robust sense of humor. From him innumerable stories emanated, and about "Tony, " as he was known in student circles, countless anecdotes gathered. He was not without mannerisms, but not even in his later and more prosperous days did this fascinating conversationalist and peerless public speaker lose the fire and spirit of a prophet.
Connections
On December 29, 1885, Alderman was married to Emma Graves of Chapel Hill, North Carolina, but none of their three children survived early childhood, and she died in 1896. On February 10, 1904, he was married to Bessie Green Hearn of New Orleans, who, with his son and namesake, survived him.