Background
He was born on January 21, 1854 at Gilberts Mills, Oswego County, New York, United States, the son of R. K. and Louisa (Frink) Smith, and spent his boyhood and young manhood on farms in New York and Michigan.
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Botanist scientist bacteriologist
He was born on January 21, 1854 at Gilberts Mills, Oswego County, New York, United States, the son of R. K. and Louisa (Frink) Smith, and spent his boyhood and young manhood on farms in New York and Michigan.
Since he was forced to work his way through both high school and college, it was not until 1886 that he received the degree of B. S. from the University of Michigan, where three years later he received the degree of Sc. D.
In 1886 he joined the scientific staff of the United States Department of Agriculture and began the remarkable career that was terminated only by his death. In 1901 he became pathologist in the bureau of plant industry, and in 1902 pathologist in charge of the laboratory of plant pathology, a position he held until 1927.
His early work dealt with yellows and other obscure peach diseases, and while he did not solve these problems completely he labored with such thoroughness that little of importance has since been added to the sum of his studies on the subject. He early became interested in what was then the very new field of the bacterial diseases of plants and advanced the theory that bacteria caused plant diseases, an idea that was rejected in scorn by European workers, Alfred Fischer and Robert Hartig in particular. With his usual thoroughness and persistence, however, Smith soon firmly established the truth of his statements and completely silenced his critics.
About 1904 he took up the study of plant tumors and the so-called crown-gall disease. His paper, "A Plant Tumor of Bacterial Origin" (1907), written in collaboration with C. O. Townsend, established the latter disease as of bacterial origin, and was followed by many publications dealing with the etiology and other phases of the disease. His conviction that there was a striking analogy between crowngall of plants and cancer of animals was not only accepted by plant pathologists but by the medical profession as well, as was evidenced by his election to the presidency of the American Association for Cancer Research in 1925.
He contributed to American and foreign scientific journals over a hundred and fifty original papers and many reviews. His outstanding scientific publications are the exhaustive treatise, Bacteria in Relation to Plant Diseases (3 vols. , 1905 - 14), of which there were other volumes in preparation at the time of his death; his textbook, An Introduction to Bacterial Diseases of Plants (1920); and the series of crown-gall and cancer papers published in English, French, and German in a wide range of technical journals.
He died in Washington.
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He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, as well as numerous other American and European learned societies in several fields.
Music and art had a great appeal for him, and he was a skilled linguist, reading French, German, Italian, Greek, and Latin.
On April 13, 1893, he married Charlotte M. Buffett of Cleveland, Ohio, who died December 28, 1906. In 1914, on February 21, he married Ruth Annette Warren of Springfield, Massachussets, who survived him.