Background
Hideyo Noguchi was born on November 24, 1876 in Inawashiro, Fukushima, Japan. He was the son of a peasant, Sayosuke Kobiyama, and his wife, Shika Noguchi, who adopted her husband in order to give her son her family name.
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(Excerpt from Serum Diagnosis of Syphilis and the Butyric ...)
Excerpt from Serum Diagnosis of Syphilis and the Butyric Acid Test for Syphilis The practical value of the author's butyric acid test has been augmented through its successful appli cation and adoption by numerous workers in psychi atry and neurology. Flexner has employed the test as an aid to the recognition of the early stage of acute anterior poliomyelitis in man and in experimentally infected apes. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Snake Venoms: An Investigation of Venomous S...)
Excerpt from Snake Venoms: An Investigation of Venomous Snakes, With Special Reference to the Phenomena of Their Venoms My interest in an opportunity to study the subject of snake venom I owe to certain peculiar and fortunate circumstances. After my graduation in medicine, I~was for several years connected with the Institute for Infectious Diseases, in Tokio, where I came under the instruction of Professor Kitasato. In the autumn of the year 1900 I became assistant in pathology at the Uni versity of Pennsylvania, where I remained until Professor F lexner resigned his post to assume the directorship of the laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute. It was soon after my arrival in Philadelphia that Dr. S. Weir Mitchell expressed his great desire that the scientific study of snake venom should be resumed and prosecuted along the lines of the new biological conceptions of toxication and immunity, which had become at that time so promising a field of pathological investigation. I had, therefore, the good fortune thus early to become associated in carrying out the studies (which extended over several years), relating to snake venom, which were issued from the pathological laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania. The expenditure involved in the execution of the researches of snake venom was met first by Dr. Mitchell himself, and later, chiefly through his recommendations, by means granted from the Bache Fund of the National Academy of Sciences and by specific grants from the Carnegie Institution of Washington. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
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immunologist parasitologist scientist bacteriologist
Hideyo Noguchi was born on November 24, 1876 in Inawashiro, Fukushima, Japan. He was the son of a peasant, Sayosuke Kobiyama, and his wife, Shika Noguchi, who adopted her husband in order to give her son her family name.
Owing to the poverty of his family and to a deformation of his left hand following a severe burn in infancy, Hideyo was, in childhood, so heavily handicapped that his opportunities for securing an education were threatened. Fortunately, his native ability was discovered by the principal of an academy, a certain Kobayashi, who made suitable arrangements for his schooling. A successful operation upon his hand by Dr. K. Watanabe, led the boy to decide upon medicine as a career. Serving at first as errand boy and apprentice to Watanabe and attending to the household affairs and medical practice of the latter during his absence because of the war between Japan and China, Noguchi (whose childhood name was "Seisaku, " changed to "Hideyo" on the attainment of manhood) in 1894 entered the Tokyo Medical College where he graduated in 1897.
Noguchi was assigned to the study of immunity against snakevenoms, receiving support from the National Academy of Sciences and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. In this study, he investigated most carefully the problems relating to the hemolysins and agglutinins of snake venom and the protective sera.
Noguchi became assistant to Surgeon-General Satow at the General Hospital, edited the hospital journal, and lectured on general pathology and oral surgery at the Tokyo Dental College.
In September 1898 he joined Kitasato's staff at the Government Institute of Infectious Diseases and when bubonic plague broke out in China he was sent by the International Sanitary Board to New Chwang, and became physician-in-chief to the Central Bureau in charge of the hospital and the bacteriological laboratory. The plague dying out there, he was sent to Manchuria under a Russian medical commission but, on the development of the Boxer movement, he was recalled to Kitasato's Institute in Tokyo, where he wrote textbooks on pathology, bacteriology, and dentistry, and translated part of Hueppe's manual of hygiene into Japanese.
Early in 1899 Noguchi became acquainted with Simon Flexner, who, on his way to the Philippine Islands as a member of a Johns Hopkins Medical Commission, visited Kitasato's Institute. The young Japanese expressed the desire to go to America to study pathology and bacteriology, and though this was not strongly encouraged by Flexner, Noguchi, after earning the money for the journey and receiving a promise from Kobayashi that his family would be looked after, went to Philadelphia at the end of 1899 and started work in the laboratory of pathology of which Flexner had just been made head at the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1903, pending the transfer of his activities to the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research, Noguchi, attracted by the immunochemical researches of Madsen and Arrhenius, worked in Copenhagen.
His discovery of the great value of media containing rabbits' testis for the growth of the etiological agent of syphilis in large numbers and for freeing it from associated contaminating bacteria was further applied by him to the cultivation of the globoid bodies in poliomyelitis, to the study of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and to the enrichment and purification of the virus of vaccinia (so as to free it from the miscellaneous bacteria of the bovine product).
During the last ten years of his life Noguchi directed his investigations to the clearing up of the etiology of yellow fever, of Oroya fever, and of trachoma.
In his studies of the Oroya fever of Peru, Noguchi was able to grow Barton's rod-shaped bodies in special media and by animal experiments to prove that the general febrile process, Oroya fever, and the clinically widely different warty or verrugous local process, Verruga peruviana, are due to the same micro-organism, Bartonella bacilliformis, an infectious agent that entomologists have since shown is carried by nocturnal blood-sucking insects of the Phlebotomus class. The much-studied problem of the etiology of trachoma among American Indians was finally solved by Noguchi through a series of painstaking researches in which he eliminated successively many types of bacteria that live in or upon the conjunctiva of trachomatous patients until he was able to isolate one, Bacterium granulosis, that will produce the characteristic lesions in certain monkeys.
In 1927 Noguchi went to Africa to study the yellow fever there. He confirmed the findings of Stokes of the presence of a filterable virus and of the absence of Leptospira, but, just as he was ready to return, contracted yellow fever himself and died at Accra on May 21, 1928, thus succumbing to a disease of which Stokes had already become a victim and from which Young, who was to have continued the experiments, also died eight days later.
(Excerpt from Serum Diagnosis of Syphilis and the Butyric ...)
(Excerpt from Snake Venoms: An Investigation of Venomous S...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
Physically, Noguchi was frail but he exhibited extraordinary powers of endurance. By disposition he was kindly, cheerful, and affectionate, and he was inspired by an intense desire to serve humanity in a practical way through discovery of the causes of disease. His originality, his capacity to formulate problems clearly, his power of inventiveness of new technical methods, his prodigious industry, his indomitable will, and his good fortune in establishing intimate and sympathetic associations in an environment that supplied him with adequate facilities for his work account for the achievements that made him, at the age of fifty-two, the outstanding figure in microbiology since Pasteur and Koch.
Noguchi married Mary Dardis on April 10, 1912.