(Excerpt from Fleet Tactics Under Steam
The tactician, sa...)
Excerpt from Fleet Tactics Under Steam
The tactician, says Ramatuelle, is one who is gifted with quickness of apprehension and clearness of thought, and such correct ness of judgment as shall enable him to make choice of the movements best suited to the time.
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The Battle of Mobile Bay, and the Capture of Forts Powell, Gaines and Morgan, by the Combined Sea and Land Forces of the United States Under the ... Major-General Gordon Granger, August, 1864
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This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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Foxhall Alexander Packer was an American naval officer.
Background
Foxhall Alexander Packer was born on August 5, 1821 in New York, United States. He was the son of Foxhall Alexander and Sara Jay (Bogardus) Parker, and the nephew of Richard Elliot Parker. William Harwar Parker was a younger brother. His mother was a daughter of Gen. Robert Bogardus, a New York lawyer and infantry officer in the War of 1812. His father, a native Virginian and descendant of George Parker who settled in Accomac County, Virginia, in 1650, was a distinguished naval officer who served through the War of 1812, rose to command rank, and in 1848 was sent on an important mission to the German Confederation. He died a captain in 1857.
Education
After service in the West Indies and against the Florida Indians, Foxhall Alexander Parker studied at the naval school in Philadelphia and was made passed midshipman on June 29, 1843.
Career
The younger Foxhall Alexander Parker was appointed midshipman from Virginia on March 11, 1839. He then served in the Michigan on the Great Lakes, in coast survey work, 1848, in the St. Lawrence on a Mediterranean cruise, 1849 - 1850, in the Susquehanna in the East Indies, and again in the coast survey, 1854 - 1855. In the meantime, September 21, 1850, he was commissioned lieutenant. After four years on the reserved list, he was in the Pacific Squadron, 1859 - 1861. As executive officer of the Washington Navy Yard during the first year of the Civil War, he took active part in the naval campaign on the Potomac, and in July 1861, after the battle of Bull Run, manned Fort Ellsworth, Alexandria, with 250 sailors and marines for the defense of Washington. He was promoted to commander July 16, 1862, and in September following took command of the wooden gunboat Mahaska, in which he was senior officer in operation against Matthews Court House, November 22, 1862, being commended by General Erasmus D. Keyes for his "admirable manner" of exercising command.
During the following winter he was on special duty in Washington, and at work on tactical problems, first set forth in his Squadron Tactics under Steam (1864) and later in his Fleet Tactics under Steam (1870), this latter book attracted attention at home and abroad for its advocacy of "obliquing into line" to avoid exposure of broadsides and facilitate use of the ram. He also wrote The Naval Howitzer Ashore (1865) and The Naval Howitzer Afloat (1866), both of which were used as Naval Academy textbooks. In June 1863 he took command of the Wabash in Admiral J. A. B. Dahlgren's squadron off Charleston, but during the bombardment of Fort Sumter, August 17 - 23, 1863, he had charge of the four-gun naval battery on Morris Island.
From January 1, 1864, until the end of the war he commanded the Potomac Flotilla, which was then chiefly engaged in patrol, reduction of shore batteries, and small combined operations with the army. Following promotion to captain, July 25, 1866, he commanded the Franklin, European Squadron, 1870 - 1871, served as chief of staff in the North Atlantic Fleet, 1872, and in September of that year drew up a new code of signals for steam tactics. He was made commodore, November 25, 1872, was chief signal officer, 1873 - 1876, and in December 1874 acted as chief of staff in the fleet assembled under Admiral A. L. Case for practice in Florida waters just after the Virginius affair. From 1876 to 1878 he had charge of the Boston Navy Yard. His death occurred suddenly on June 10, 1879 from enlargement of the heart at Annapolis, Maryland, where for a year he had been superintendent of the Naval Academy. At his death bed were gathered all of his ten children.
Achievements
Foxhall Alexander Parker was a prominent naval officer, who actively protected Alexandria, Virginia, after the Battle of Bull Run during the Civil War. He was famous for his commands of a naval battery at the bombardment of Fort Sumter ans of the Potomac Flotilla.
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Interests
Foxhall Alexander Parker keenly interested in the science of his profession and a prominent writer on naval themes.
Connections
Foxhall Alexander Parker was married, first, February 10 1846, to Mary Eliza Greene of Centerville, Rhode Island, who died in 1849. On November 2, 1853, he married to Lydia Anna, daughter of Capt. H. S. Mallory, United States, who died in 1862. On October 20 1863, Foxhall married to Caroline, daughter of Thomas Donaldson, a Baltimore lawyer. He had ten children.
