Background
Francis Ellingwood Abbot was born on November 6, 1836 in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. He was the son of Joseph Hale Abbot, a teacher in Boston, and Fanny Ellingwood (Larcom) Abbot, descendant of Roger Conant of Salem.
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Excerpt from Theism: Scientific Theism The foundation and immediate occasion of this little book, whose size, I trust, is no necessary measure of its usefulness, was a lecture given before the Concord Summer School of Philosophy, July 30, 1885, in a symposium on the question: Is Pan theism the Legitimate Outcome of Modern Science? The other lecturers on this subject were Mr. John Fiske, Prof. William T. Harris, Rev. Dr. Andrew P. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from The Way Out of Agnosticism: Or the Philosophy of Free Religion This Introduction appeared in the new ideal for January, 1889, under the caption, Creative Liberalism. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Francis Ellingwood Abbot was born on November 6, 1836 in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. He was the son of Joseph Hale Abbot, a teacher in Boston, and Fanny Ellingwood (Larcom) Abbot, descendant of Roger Conant of Salem.
Bred in a family of intellectual energy and strenuous Puritanism, Abbot's youth was marked by brilliant scholarship and austerity of conscience.
Prepared in the Boston Latin School and by private tuition, he graduated from Harvard College in 1859.
In November he joined the Harvard Divinity School, but left it, in September 1860.
He later attended the Meadville Theological School, graduating from it in 1863.
In September 1860 Abbot took charge of a girls' school in Meadville, Pennsylvania.
After a year in Beverly, Massachussets, he became pastor of the Unitarian church in Dover, New Hampshire, June 1864. Basing faith on free present intuition, in the spirit of Emerson's Divinity School Address, he found a creedal limitation in the constitution of the National Unitarian Conference of 1865 which referred to its members as "disciples of the Lord Jesus Christ, " and he strove in vain for the adoption of freer terminology. In 1867 he led in creating The Free Religious Association.
Doubting his ministerial prospects, he sought a chair of philosophy in the new Cornell University, failing despite strong recommendations. A similar appointment in Harvard, urged by Francis Bowen, 1866, had been barred by theological opposition.
Constrained by logic and conscience, Abbot resigned his pastorate, March 15, 1868, but a parish majority sought to retain him by changing their name from "The First Unitarian Society of Christians" to the "First Independent Religious Society. " Legal action by the minority caused the majority, however, under legal advice, to claim the property under the former name, whereupon Abbot again resigned, October 1.
For a time he supported himself by tutoring, yet giving free public discourses in the City Hall. In September 1869 he accepted a call to the Independent Church in Toledo, Ohio, when to secure him it dropped the name Unitarian. There he edited the Index, a weekly journal championing Free Religion. This enterprise involving him in debt, he removed to Cambridge, Massachussets, 1873, editing the Index from Boston until 1880. After a teaching enterprise in New York, 1880, he established a classical school for boys in Cambridge, 1881, but relinquished it in 1892, when a legacy enabled him to devote his time to philosophical writing.
From 1872 he had ardently fought a proposed amendment of the national constitution which would declare Christ the ruler and the Bible the control of the national life, organizing local resistant groups in 1876 into a National Liberal League. Of this he was president until 1878, resigning then because the League favored freedom of the mails for literature obnoxious to his ethical principles. In 1894 he became estranged also from The Free Religious Association on its refusal to avow independence of all historical religions.
His philosophical power was early shown by widely admired articles in the North American Review and by a thesis for a Harvard doctorate in 1881.
His Scientific Theism (1885, 3rd ed. 1888) sharply condemns the subjectivism of Idealism and on the basis of a realistic theory of knowledge argues that since science finds a self-existing, self-determining system of objectively real relations of objectively real things, and since only intelligence can create such relational systems, the universe must be itself intelligent, an infinite living self-consciousness.
Having served as substitute for Josiah Royce in Harvard in 1888, Abbot published a condensation of his lectures in The Way Out of Agnosticism (1890), an argument that philosophy compels faith in real personality, finite and relative in man, infinite and absolute in Nature. This was attacked by Royce in the International Journal of Ethics (October 1890) with "a professional warning" against Abbot as an incompetent pretender in philosophy who, without logical ability or historical scholarship, based his thought on a crude misunderstanding of Hegel's theory of universals. This wound to a proudly conscientious man evoked from Abbot an indignant response which was denied publication. Without success he asked redress from the university authorities as being libeled by their appointee in his "professorial" capacity.
The next ten years Abbot devoted to the final elaboration of his thought in abstruse technical form in The Syllogistic Philosophy. Shortly after completing it, on the tenth anniversary of his wife's death, he was found dead upon her grave with signs of poison self-administered. The Syllogistic Philosophy was published in two volumes in 1906, was reviewed unfavorably in Mind (July 1907), the Philosophical Review (July 1907) and Science (May 31, 1907), and quickly dropped out of notice.
Abbot was recognized as the founder of the Free Religious Association and first editor of the radical journal, the Index, developed an evolutionary philosophy of science. The Francis Ellingwood Abbot Papers, including, diaries, lecture notes, correspondence, writings, photographs, and family papers are in the Harvard Archives and in the archives at the Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts. In addition to his books Abbot wrote a great many articles in the Index and a few in other publications, including the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Free Religious Association and the Christian Examiner. His essays are gathered in W. Creighton Peden and Everett J. Tarbox, The Collected Essays of Francis Ellingwood Abbot, 4 volumes (1996). This also contains a bibliography of his articles. His Scientific Theism won European attention and appeared in a German translation (1893).
(Excerpt from Theism: Scientific Theism The foundation an...)
(Excerpt from The Way Out of Agnosticism: Or the Philosoph...)
( About the Book Collections of Essays are anthologies th...)
(Leopold is delighted to publish this classic book as part...)
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( About the Book Biographical books, or bios, are detaile...)
Abbot stated that historically "Christianity" meant subjection to the authority of Christ as Messiah and found definitive form in the authoritative system of Roman Catholicism. He believed that Free Religion must replace "God in Christ" by "God in Humanity. "
Abbot yearned to free humankind from pre-scientific religions, believing that people could escape the trap of agnosticism by adopting his vision of free religion.
Quotations:
“Agnosticism is the philosophical, ethical, and religious dry-rot of the modern world. ”
“Just as a tested and rugged virtue of the moral hero is worth more than the lovely, tender, untried innocence of the child, so is the massive strength of a soul that has conquered truth for itself worth more than the soft peach-bloom faith of a soul that takes truth on trust. ”
"Do not think that I despair. God is ! How can I despair? Doing right is worth all that it costs and my whole being asks no more. "
Abbot became a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society in 1892.
Abbot's character was recognized by all as being absolutely conscientious, truthful, courageous, unworldly, and in many respects very lovable. He had, however, a temperament somewhat peculiar, including an almost morbid conscientiousness, to which small differences of opinion were liable to seem as important and even vital as larger ones; so that he usually found it hard to work long in full alliance with others, no matter how close may have been the preceding relations between them.
He was at such times conscientiously outspoken, and was the first to emphasize his divergence from his nearest friends and allies on points which had, perhaps, seemed to them quite unimportant.
On August 3, 1859 Abbot married Katharine Fearing Loring, of Concord, Massachussets. They had seven children.
