Background
Frederick George Novy was born on December 9, 1864 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. His father, a master tailor, and his mother, a milliner, were born in what is now Czechoslovakia, and came to the United States in 1864.
(Excerpt from Disinfection of Rooms Sputum containing man...)
Excerpt from Disinfection of Rooms Sputum containing many tubercle bacilli was employed in preference to pure cultures. The experiments with tubercle bacilli are not numer ous but are very conclusive. After exposure, in Esmarch dishes, to the disinfectant the tuberculous material was rubbed up with sterile bouillon and injected intraperitoneally into guinea-pigs. Sterile silk threads, bits of muslin and cover-glasses were employed in these tests. The silk threads were about 15 c. M. Long. The bits of muslin were about 1 c. M. Square. Cleaned cover-glasses 20 m. M. Square were cut into halves and-sterilized. The letters S. M. And G. In the tables refer to silk, muslin and cover-glasses respectively. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from The Causation of Diphtheria What are actual...)
Excerpt from The Causation of Diphtheria What are actual laboratory facts on this point? The following table, like the preceding one, is constructed from the memoirs of Roux and his pupils: Anginas. Cases. Deaths. Per cent. Pure diphtheria 38 Diphtheria With coccus 1 Diphtheria with streptococci 26 90 Croupe. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from The Immunizing Power of Nucleohiston and of Histon It would appear from this set that nucleohiston at least appar ently retards death from the hog - cholera bacillus. Recognising, how ever, the variation that exists in the susceptibility of rabbits to this germ, the conclusion is justified that nucleohiston does not protect against hog cholera; grammes of nucleohiston introduced into a rabbit (67) in four injections, three, twenty-four, thirty-six, and seventy hours after inoculation with cubic centimetre of hog-cholera culture, did not prevent death, which ensued in three days and a half. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from Directions for Laboratory Work in Urine Analysis, for the Use of the Medical Classes in the University of Michigan To' some urine add uranium acetate solution. The yellowish white precipitate is uranium phosphate. Test its solubility in mineral acids, and in acetic acid. Add a few drops of ferric chloride to some urine. What does the precipitate consist of? Heat some of the urine in a test-tube. If strongly acid no change results, but if it is feebly acid or neutral the phos phate of calcium is precipitated. Why? Write the formula of this salt. To a portion of the urine with this precipitate add nitric acid; cool another portion. What is the result? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Frederick George Novy was born on December 9, 1864 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. His father, a master tailor, and his mother, a milliner, were born in what is now Czechoslovakia, and came to the United States in 1864.
Novy graduated with a Bachelor of Science from the University of Michigan in 1886, intending to pursue a career in chemistry. Novy received the degrees of Doctor of Science in 1890 and Doctor of Medicine in 1891 from the University of Michigan. In 1894 he studied at the Pathological Institute in Prague.
His first work after graduation, in the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Michigan, was on cocaine and its derivatives. In 1887, Victor C. Vaughan, professor of hygiene and physiological chemistry at the university, persuaded him to accept a position as instructor in that department.
Novy's first publication in bacteriological chemistry (1888), jointly with Vaughan, was on ptomaines and leucomaines. In the summer of 1888, he and Vaughan traveled to the Hygiene Institute in Berlin to study under Robert Koch, then the leading authority in bacteriology. On his return, Novy taught the first course on bacteriology to be offered at an American university. At the same time he undertook a program of research, the first concern of which was the development of techniques for the cultivation of pathogenic bacteria.
In 1894 he published his first text on bacteriology, Directions for Laboratory Work in Bacteriology.
In 1897 he worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. At Michigan, Novy made his first major discovery: the isolation of Clostridium novyii, an anaerobic bacillus capable of causing fatal septicemia in animals (1894). By 1900 he was an authority on bacteriology and communicable diseases. In 1901, in response to concern about a possible outbreak of bubonic plague in San Francisco, he served on a federal commission on the subject. Plague was indeed found; measures were adopted to prevent its spread; and provisions were established to avoid its recurrence. Novy also had been active on the Michigan Board of Health (1897 - 1899).
Through his writings he attempted to give the general public an understanding of the role of bacteria in the generation of disease. He also was involved in the founding of a number of societies and journals specializing in bacteriology, including the Society of American Bacteriologists, of which he became president in 1904. By then he had become professor and head of the Department of Bacteriology at the University of Michigan.
Shortly after 1900, Novy began his work on trypanosomes and spirochetes. Once more he concentrated first on the development of methods for laboratory cultivation, a hitherto unsolved problem.
In collaboration with Malcolm H. Soule, he published an account of the respiration of this organism and its dependence on the magnitude of the chemical potential of the oxygen in the host animal (1925).
Novy's later years were increasingly devoted to administrative matters. He was chairman of the Executive Committee of the University of Michigan Medical School from 1930 to 1933 and dean from then until 1935.
His colleagues and former students at the University of Michigan continued Novy's work after his retirement. In fact, in 1953, eighteen years after his retirement, some tubes of dried rat blood, missing since 1920, were found and shown to contain a still-viable filterable agent that Novy had been investigating when the tubes were lost. Using Novy's carefully kept records from that era, workers were able to identify this filterable agent as a virus.
Novy's work on spirochetes, the etiological agents of relapsing fevers, led to the identification of a particular organism, the natural habitat of which is the blood of the rat, now called Spirocheta novyi. Novy's work on trypanosomes led to a lengthy period of investigation of the artificial stimulation of resistance to trypanosome infections. This work culminated in the publication, with P. H. de Kruif and others, of nine papers on anaphylactic shock (1917). The authors showed clearly that there were changes in the blood of an animal caused by initial exposure to a trypanosomal antigen that, on a second exposure, could lead to a violent reaction, sometimes even to death. Novy and his colleagues ascribed this reaction to the formation of a highly potent trypanosomal poison that they called anaphylatoxin, but they were unable to proceed to a complete solution to the problem. The reactions observed by Novy are now ascribed to the production of histamines. The last major research field in which Novy worked was the study of the metabolism of microorganisms, particularly the tubercle bacillus. Many honors were conferred on him, including election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1934.
(Excerpt from The Causation of Diphtheria What are actual...)
(Excerpt from The Immunizing Power of Nucleohiston and of ...)
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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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(Excerpt from Disinfection of Rooms Sputum containing man...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Novy was reputedly a stern taskmaster, exacting of himself and of others, but also a man of kindness and of wit.
In 1892 Novy married; from this marriage there were five children.