Background
Galina Sergeyevna Ulanova was born in Saint Petersburg in 1910, the only daughter of two dancers at the Maryinsky Theater. As a child Galina was somewhat boisterous and protested when her mother, Maria Romanova, gave her her first ballet lessons, firmly announcing that she did not like dancing.
Education
She studied under Agrippina Vaganova and her own mother, a ballerina of the Imperial Russian Ballet.
Career
The Russian ballerina Galina Ulanova was hailed as one of the greatest dancers of all time.
She expressed ribbon-like fluidity in her movements and showed an ethereal presence on stage.
Her performance won her a coveted place in the Kirov Ballet Company (known then as GATOB).
The quality of her dancing was quickly noted, and in her first year she made her debut as Princess Florina in The Sleeping Beauty.
To this role she brought poetical lyricism and sensitivity, epitomizing the very best of Russian classical technique.
But it was in 1934, in Rostislav Zakharov's ballet The Fountains of Bakhchiserai, that the young ballerina showed she had a unique talent for the dramatic as well as the ethereal.
For Ulanova, preparing the role of Maria (and all subsequent ones) became not just a question of learning the difficult technical steps but also of studying the character as would an actress, seeking out its nuances to shade and develop the role.
Once on stage, she would lose herself so completely in the character that she was portraying that nothing else existed for her.
Leonid Lavrovsky's ballet premiered at the Kirov in 1940 with Ulanova in the leading role.
For many, there are two unforgettable moments, neither one a display of dazzling technique but of communicable artistry.
She remains frozen in awe; her excited heartbeats seem almost audible as her whole body thrills with the quickening of first love.
In the following years her thoughtful and focused approach brought freshness and drama to Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and to Giselle.
She created roles in new ballets such as The Red Poppy, The Stone Flower, and Cinderella, often moving the audience to tears with her realistic performances.
Ulanova was a member of the Kirov Ballet for 16 yers.
During the hard years of World War II and the blockade by the Germans of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), the company was evacuated to Perm in the Ural Mountains.
During this time she also performed at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow for audiences of soldiers, many of whom hadchosen her as their pin-up girl.
In 1944 she moved permanently to Moscow to join the Bolshoi Ballet Company. Ulanova made her first western tour in 1945.
She was first seen in London in 1956 and in New York in 1959.
She made her farewell performance in 1962 but continued to work for 30 years as a coach, handing down her profound knowledge of the dance to top ballerinas of the Bolshoi— Maximova, Semenyaka, Semizorova, and Grachova.
Basically a shy person, she worked quietly, watching her pupil, and, when needed, elegantly demonstrating the filigree detailing that makes a ballerina in the truest sense.
She occupies a place with Margot Fonteyn and Natalia Markova as the supreme expression of the ballerina.
Membership
She was a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1960.
Personality
She had a strong character.
Quotes from others about the person
Sergey Prokofiev: "She is the genius of Russian ballet, its elusive soul, its inspired poetry. Ulanova imparts to her interpretation of classical roles a depth of expression unheard of in twentieth century ballet. "
Evgeny Mravinsky: "The image of Ulanova – gentle, fragile and wise – was given to me in my early youth and is rooted in my heart and memory forever. Each encounter with Ulanova and her art, each memory of her – is always a great thrill and happiness. With thanks to her and gratitude to Fate for having given her to us. "
Sviatoslav Richter: "Ulanova has charted new paths in ballet …Not only has she given us unforgettable characters, she has created her own artistic world – a realm of human spirituality… Ulanova has transformed ballet into a popular art form. Thanks to her even its most implacable enemies have become its supporters and thousands of people now acknowledge ballet to be a vital necessity. "
Margot Fonteyn: "I cannot even begin to talk about Ulanova's dancing, it is so marvellous, I am left speechless. It is magic. Now we know what we lack. "
Maya Plisetskaya: "Ulanova has created her own style, has schooled us to it. She represents an epoch, a time. She has her own hallmark. Like Mozart, Beethoven and Prokofiev she has had an impact, she has reflected her age. "
Arnold Haskell: "My memories of Ulanova are, to me, a part of life itself, bringing a total enrichment of experience. To me, hers are not theatrical miracles but triumphs of human spirit. Where Pavlova was supremely conscious of her audience and could play upon its emotions as upon an instrument, Ulanova is remote in a world of her own, which we are privileged to penetrate. She is so completely identified with the character she impersonates that nothing outside exists. "
Maya Plisetskaya: "She was an angel and she danced like one. "
Maurice Béjart: "Galina Ulanova is a ballerina who has grasped the profoundest secrets of art, she has united feelings and their outer expression into an indivisible whole. "
Rudolf Nureyev: "Only she, the world's Number One ballerina, kept unswervingly to her chosen course, always unassuming, modestly dressed, entirely absorbed in dance and totally unreceptive to backstage intrigue. Her inner strength, her human qualities – these explain why she has remained pure, untouched by the day-to-day hassle of theatre life. "