Background
Garrick Mallery was born on April 23, 1831 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Garrick and Catherine J. (Hall) Mallery.
( Used throughout the world since earliest times as a com...)
Used throughout the world since earliest times as a common means of communication, sign language was particularly well developed among the Plains Indians of North America. The present study, a significant document in the history of American anthropology, was originally published in 1881 as part of the first annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The author was a retired U.S. Army officer and bureau employee who was perhaps the foremost expert at that time on American Indian sign language. His exceptional knowledge of the subject produced a classic body of research data, still cited by anthropologists. The book begins with theories and observations about the genesis and universality of sign language, as well as its use by animals, children, and uninstructed deaf-mutes. Following an account of his research and methodology and suggestion for further research, the author devotes several pages to describing and illustrating signs used for specific words — from "antelope," "trade," and "yes" to such sentences as "Who are you?" "What is your name?" and "How old are you?" Especially interesting are 40 pages or so of narratives or dialogues, most given both in sign language and in oral paraphrase. Throughout the book, clearly diagrammed illustrations indicate proper movements of body and hands for signing. Students of linguistics and anthropology — anyone fascinated by this age-old method of communication — will welcome this inexpensive reprint of a long-unavailable treasure.
https://www.amazon.com/Language-Among-American-Indians-Native/dp/0486419487?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=0486419487
(Garrick Mallery (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, April 25, 18...)
Garrick Mallery (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, April 25, 1831 - October 24, 1894) was an American ethnologist specializing in Native American sign language and pictographs. Mallery received an excellent early education and was prepared by a private tutor for his entrance into his father's alma mater, Yale College, where he matriculated in his fifteenth year. He graduated in 1850. Three years later, he received the degree of LL.B. from the University of Pennsylvania. In the same year he was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia and commenced practice there. He devoted some of his leisure time to editorial and literary work, and was steadily advancing in professional standing when the Civil War began in 1861. His father was Judge Garrick Mallery, who was born April 17, 1784, and graduated at Yale College in 1808. He was a member of the Pennsylvania legislature from 1827 to 1830, and was distinguished for the zeal with which he promoted prison reform. In 1831 he was appointed judge of the third judicial district, composed of the counties of Berks, Northampton, and Lehigh. He resigned from the bench in 1836 and removed to Philadelphia, where he practiced as a lawyer for many years. He died in Philadelphia on the 6th of July, 1866. Garrick's mother, the judge's second wife, was descended from John Harris, Jr., the founder of Harrisburg, and from William Maclay, one of the first United States Senators from Pennsylvania.
https://www.amazon.com/Greeting-Gesture-II-Garrick-Mallery/dp/1514797593?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1514797593
(Many authors have contended that the North American India...)
Many authors have contended that the North American Indians were descendants of the "ten lost tribes of Israel." Prominent among them was James Adair, whose work, highly useful with regard to the customs of the southeastern Indians, among whom he spent many years, was mainly devoted to proof of the proposition. The Rev. Ethan Smith is also conspicuous. Even the latest general treatise on the Indians, published last year, and bearing the comprehensive title, "The American Indian," favors the same theory. The authors of the school mentioned rest their case on the fact, which I freely admit with greater emphasis, that an astounding number of customs of the North American Indians are the same as those recorded of the ancient Israelites. The lesson to be derived from this parallel is, however, very different from that drawn by those who have advocated the descent in question. The argument, strongly urged, derived from an alleged similarity between Hebrew and some Indian languages, especially in identity of certain vocables, may be dismissed forthwith. Perhaps the most absurd of all the coincidences insisted upon by Adair was the religious use of sounds represented by him to be the same as the word Jehovah. The "lost" Israelites when deported did not use orally the name given in the English version as "Jehovah," and the mode of its spelling and pronunciation is at this moment in dispute, though generally accepted as Jahveh; therefore, it would be most extraordinary if the tribes of Indians supposed to be descendants of the lost ten tribes of Israel should at this time know how to pronounce a name which their alleged ancestors practically did not possess… For brevity, the term "Indians" may be used—leaving the blunder of Columbus where it belongs—without iterating their designation as North American, though I shall not treat of the aboriginal inhabitants south of the United States. This neglect of Mexico and Central and South America is not only to observe my own limits, but because some of the peoples of those regions had reached a culture stage in advance of the northern tribes. To avoid confusion, the term "Israelites" may designate all the nation. Although the tribes became divided into the kingdoms of Israel and of Judah, when it is necessary to speak of the northern tribes they may be designated as the kingdom of Samaria. The shortest term, Jews, would be incorrect, as the people now scattered over the world and called "Jews" are chiefly the descendants of the southern branch or fractional part of the children of Israel, and have a special history beyond that common to them and their congeners.
https://www.amazon.com/Israelites-Indians-Parallel-Planes-Culture/dp/1986465462?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1986465462
( Of the early reports of the Bureau of Ethnology of the ...)
Of the early reports of the Bureau of Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution, one of the most significant is Col. Garrick Mallery's report on the picture-writing of the American Indians. Except for a special section on petroglyphs (rock-writing), most of the examples are roughly contemporary with the writing of the report and were gathered by ethnologists, explorers, and expeditions to reservations. As such, the emphasis is on the meaning of the pictures, and the differences between the styles of picture-writing of the various tribes. Included are nearly 1,300 pictures and 54 plates illustrating the material which Col. Mallery narrates. Examples include: knotted cords, notched or marked sticks and wampum; mnemonic pictures for remembering songs, traditions, treaties, and accounts; the calendars (winter counts) of Lone-Dog and Battiste Good; maps, notices of visits, condition and warning; tribal designations, clan designations, tattoo marks (especially from the Haida); designations of authority, property, and personal names; religious symbols of the supernatural and of mythic animals; symbols used on charms and amulets, in religious ceremonies and in the burial of the dead; pictographs of cult associations, of daily events, and of games; historic records such as the Indian account of the Battle of Little Big Horn; records of migrations, hunts, and notable events; biographic records; significance of colors; picture-writing as it became conventionalized; and much more. There are also sections on interpretation of pictographs and on the detection of frauds, and comparative material from other cultures. For anthropologists, sociologists, historians, or artists, Col. Mallery's account is still the basic study of North American Indian picture-writing, Its wealth of pictorial material is not to be found anywhere else. And since most of the material was collected by contemporaries while picturing was still an important method of communication, the ethnologists were often assisted by the Indians themselves in decoding the pictographs and discovering the wealth of information that was conveyed by them.
https://www.amazon.com/Picture-Writing-American-Indians-Native/dp/0486228428?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=0486228428
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Pictographs-North-American-Indians-Preliminary/dp/1294969269?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1294969269
Garrick Mallery was born on April 23, 1831 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Garrick and Catherine J. (Hall) Mallery.
Mallery's early education was received in private schools, and since his father was a jurist, the son was naturally destined for the legal profession.
Accordingly, after graduating from Yale in 1850, he studied law and in 1853 was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Mallery immediately enlisted as a private but on June 4, 1861, he was appointed captain in the 71st Pennsylvania Infantry. At the battle of Peach Orchard, Virginia, the following year, he was wounded and taken prisoner. After his exchange, he was commissioned, February 17, 1863, lieutenant-colonel of the 13th Pennsylvania Cavalry.
He was honorably mustered out July 15, 1864, and brevetted colonel of volunteers on March 13, 1865. The following year, July 28, he was commissioned captain in the 43rd Infantry of the regular army, and on March 2, 1867, was brevetted lieutenant-colonel. When in 1870 the system of meteorological observations, which developed into the Signal Service Bureau, was established, Mallery became acting signal officer and remained with this branch of the service for six years.
On duty at Fort Rice, Dakota, in 1876, he became interested in the pictography and sign language of the Indians. Later he was engaged on field work with Maj. J. W. Powell in connection with surveys in the Rocky Mountains. Disability from wounds received in the war caused his retirement from the army, July 1, 1879.
This same year, he became connected with the Bureau of Ethnology, under the Smithsonian Institution, with headquarters in Washington, D. C. His first paper, "The Former and Present Number of Our Indians", was on the moot question that has been raised so many times and not satisfactorily answered.
( Used throughout the world since earliest times as a com...)
(Garrick Mallery (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, April 25, 18...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( Of the early reports of the Bureau of Ethnology of the ...)
(Many authors have contended that the North American India...)
A paper originating from his observations among the Indians, which foreshadowed his future work with the Bureau, was: "A Calendar of the Dakota Nation". This paper related to the conveying of ideas of events by picture writing.
Easily the foremost student of the subject, he published: Introduction to the Study of Sign Language Among the North American Indians as Illustrating the Gesture Speech of Mankind, followed by: "Sign Language among North American Indians Compared with That of Other Peoples and Deaf Mutes".
An important feature of this study was the philosophical discussion of the origin of the communication of ideas by the vehicle of language symbols. Mallery's culminating work, requiring years of assiduous collection of data and original investigation on pictography, appeared in 1893 "Picture Writing of the North American Indians".
As a monumental storehouse of well classified and digested data it is without peer. Through all its overwhelming mass of necessary illustrations the philosophic mind of the author is evident. In only one instance did Mallery's writing evoke controversy. The paper: "Israelite and Indian: a Parallel in Planes of Culture", provoked severe and no doubt justified criticism by one of the races thus brought into juxtaposition.
Mallery was an active member of many scientific societies.
A tall, erect, dignified man, always well groomed, Mallery gave the impression of capability and directive force. Unmistakably an army man trained in formality, he was nevertheless a pleasant associate and appreciated by his scientific equals.
His influence in promoting scientific methods in the formative period of the branch of anthropology was notable.
On April 14, 1870, Mallery married Helen W. Wyckoff of New York.