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George Bradley McFarland was a physician, hospital administrator in Thailand, linguist, and lexicographer.
Background
George Bradley McFarland was born on December 1, 1886 in Bangkok, Siam (Thailand). He was the third son and third of four children of Presbyterian missionary parents, Samuel Gamble McFarland and Jane (Hays) McFarland, both of Scotch-Irish descent and Pennsylvania birth. George was named for an uncle, George P. Hays, the first president of Washington and Jefferson College in Pennsylvania, and for Dan Beach Bradley, the pioneer American medical missionary in Thailand, in whose home he was born.
Education
The McFarlands had established the first Protestant station in the interior of Thailand in 1860 at Phetburi, a small river town. There George received his early education, chiefly from his mother, a devoted teacher who later started a school for Thai girls. In 1878 his father resigned from the mission and accepted appointment as superintendent of a modern boys' school in Bangkok founded by King Chulalongkorn for the training of Thai youths of noble blood. George attended this school from the age of twelve, graduating with the first class in 1883 and subsequently serving as an instructor for a year and a half. In 1885 he went to the United States to enroll in Washington and Jefferson College. After two years there he was admitted to the Western Pennsylvania Medical School (later affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania), where he received the M. D. degree in 1890. The next year he spent in Baltimore, earning a degree in surgery from the College of Physicians and Surgeons and one in dental medicine from the Chirurgical College of Dentistry.
Career
In November 1891, after serving a three-month internship in a Baltimore hospital, Dr. McFarland returned to Bangkok to take charge of the government-sponsored Siriraj Hospital and conduct a newly organized medical school associated with it. In addition, he opened an office for the private practice of dentistry and after the death of his brother Edwin in 1895 took over the sales agency for a Siamese typewriter which Edwin had invented in 1892. George McFarland later modified and perfected this device and built a large company for the sale and repair of typewriters and other business machines in Thailand. In 1896 he brought his parents, who were in failing health, back to the United States.
In 1903 the institution George headed became the Royal Medical College, and 1917 it was incorporated into the newly created Chulalongkorn University. In 1926, after the Rockefeller Foundation had assumed financial responsibility for the reorganization and further modernization of the Royal Medical College, McFarland retired from government employ. After retirement he continued to reside in Bangkok with his wife. They both became affiliated with the Siam Mission of the Presbyterian Church as lay volunteers and played a part in the organization of the unified Church of Christ in Siam. In 1928 McFarland was chosen to edit a centennial volume entitled Historical Sketch of Protestant Missions in Siam, 1828-1928, which he and his wife helped to write. His chief efforts in these years, however, were spent in preparing an unabridged Thai-English dictionary, a large, encyclopedic compilation based in part upon the earlier work of Protestant missionary pioneers in Thailand. This volume, which was published in Bangkok in 1941, was reissued by the Stanford University Press in 1944 and became the standard dictionary of its kind. When the Japanese entered Thailand in December 1941, the Thai government placed the McFarlands under arrest, though in view of the doctor's long service to the nation they were permitted to remain in their Bangkok home. A few months afterward McFarland fell ill and was transferred to Chulalongkorn Hospital, where he died in May 1942 after an unsuccessful operation for strangulated hernia. His remains were first buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Bangkok, but in May 1950 his body was disinterred and cremated and the ashes placed in one of the royal Buddhist temples in the city in recognition of his contributions to the monarchy.
Achievements
As a public servant of the Thai government, McFarland made his major contribution in the development of modern hospital administration and medical education. King Rama VI conferred various medals upon him and in 1915 admitted him to the third rank of the Thai nobility with the personal title of Phra Ach Vidyagama.
A man of tremendous energy and varied talents, McFarland prepared medical textbooks and religious tracts in the Thai language and continued the linguistic work of the early missionaries by publishing An English-Siamese Pronouncing Handbook in 1900 and issuing in 1906 the fourth edition and first of seven revisions of An English-Siamese Dictionary, which his father had originally compiled and printed on a hand press in Phetburi in 1865.
Connections
In October, 1896 McFarland married Marie Ina Root in Skaneateles, N. Y. Mrs. McFarland, a graduate of Wellesley College in education, worked closely with her husband in Bangkok until her death there in 1923 from tuberculosis. McFarland's second wife, whom he married in San Jose, California, on February 16, 1925, was Bertha Blount, a teacher and later principal of Wattana Wittaya Academy, a Presbyterian mission school for girls in Bangkok. He had no children by either marriage.
