Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate: Being Reminiscences and Recollections
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Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate: Being Reminiscences and Recollections of the Right Reverend Henry Benjamin Whipple, D.D., LL. D., Bishop of Minnesota (Classic Reprint)
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Excerpt from Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate: Being Reminiscences and Recollections of the Right Reverend Henry Benjamin Whipple, D.D., LL. D., Bishop of Minnesota
IN the autumn of 1894, some of the members of the House of Bishops, who have given me a love unclouded by a doubt, - among them my beloved friend, the Rt. Rev. John Williams, late presiding bishop, - urged me to write an autobiography. I refused, saying The history of one's life, its temptations and trials, its sorrows and shortcomings, can be known only to one's self and to God. The danger of self-praise and self-deception is so great that I dare not do it. But when they said: One's individuality is a gift from God; the history of your life, the success which God has given you in mission ary work and in founding schools, will be helpful to others, the words of holy Herbert, spoken when dying, came to me: Take these papers; they are the record of the conflicts of my life. If they can help any poor soul, print them; if not, burn them, for they and I are the least of the mercies of God.
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Address of Rt. Rev. H.B. Whipple, D.D: Delivered in the Cathedral of Our Merciful Saviour, Faribault, 25th anniversary of his election as bishop of Minnesota, Feast of St. Barnabas, June 11th, 1884
Lights and shadows of a long episcopate; being reminiscences and recollections of the Right Reverend Henry Benjamin Whipple, D.D., LL. D., Bishop of Minnesota
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Henry Benjamin Whipple was the Episcopal bishop of Minnesota, a humanitarian and an advocate for Native Americans.
Background
Henry Benjamin Whipple was born on Feburary 15, 1822 in Adams, N. Y. , the son of John Hall Whipple, a merchant, and Elizabeth (Wager) Whipple. His first American ancestor was Capt. John Whipple, one of the early settlers of Providence, R. I.
Education
After preliminary education at local Presbyterian schools, Henry spent the years 1838 and 1839 at Oberlin Collegiate Institute.
Career
Until he became a clergyman he was in business with his father, although in 1843 and 1844 he visited the South and West for the sake of his health. He served one year as inspector of schools, and was appointed major and later division inspector with the rank of colonel on the staff of Major-General Corse. He also served as secretary of the Democratic state convention at Syracuse in 1847. Although reared a Presbyterian, he was inclined towards the Protestant Episcopal faith, to which his grandparents adhered; this tendency seems to have been strengthened by the influence of his wife. He was admitted as a candidate for holy orders on March 15, 1848, was ordained to the diaconate August 26, 1849, and, having concluded the necessary studies under the guidance of the Rev. William D. Wilson of Christ Church, Sherburne, N. Y. , was raised to the priesthood the following year. His first parish was that of Zion Church, Rome, N. Y. , where he remained until 1857 with the exception of a year, 1853-54, passed in Florida for the improvement of his wife's health. By special arrangement he served during this period as rector in St. Augustine and missionary to the adjacent region. His rectorship at Rome was so successful that he was called to many other parishes. Accepting the call to organize a new church among the waifs, railroad employees, machinists, and churchless of the south side of Chicago, he spent the years from 1857 to 1859 building up and administering the parish of the Holy Communion. In 1859 he was elected first bishop of Minnesota and was consecrated on October 13. The following year he established his family at Faribault, which was his residence for the remainder of his life. His new field of activity was one to try the mettle of any man, presenting not only the usual difficult problems of a frontier diocese, but also the problems arising from the United States government's management of the Indians. With respect to the latter he first examined the situation carefully, making extensive tours into the wilderness with great physical inconvenience and danger to himself. His Church already had a mission among the Chippewa; this he strengthened. In 1860 he established a mission among the Sioux. Convinced of the injustice and inhumanity of the government's system, he began to send appeals to local Indian agents, to senators and congressmen, to heads of bureaus and departments in Washington, and, finally, in desperation to the President of the United States. He pointed out in a letter written to President Lincoln on March 6, 1862, the fundamental defects of the administration of Indian affairs. His letters were remembered when, in August 1862, the Minnesota Sioux rose and massacred hundreds of whites, inaugurating just what Whipple had predicted - a long series of Indian wars. He went at once to the scene, where he tended the wounded and consoled the bereaved. He then published an appeal (Saint Paul Pioneer, December 3, 17, 1862; Saint Paul Press, December 4, 1862) to his frenzied fellow Minnesotans to be reasonable, pointing out that the Indians had been goaded to fury by fraud and deceit and that they were using the only weapons left to them. His plea only infuriated the frontier folk, but he stood his ground despite their recriminations and anger. Late in 1862 he went to Washington to make a personal appeal to the President, who forbade the execution of most of the three hundred Sioux condemned to death by a military commission. Under these emotional distractions, together with the racking experiences of visits to Civil War battlefields, the fatigue of an energetic and successful campaign among Eastern financiers for aid to Minnesota's devastated frontier, and the worry of securing funds for maintaining his diocese, his health failed once more. Suddenly, however, as a result of his heart-moving appeals he found himself the idol of philanthropists in the East. Money came henceforth to him for his work, sometimes in great amounts. Robert Minturn of New York made it possible for him to go to Europe in 1864-65 to regain his health, and while in England he won the support of the Established Church. This trip was the first of many which Whipple made to Europe. His simple, moving eloquence appealed to Europeans; his message was a new one; his well-told stories had piquancy; his modesty was disarming. Upon his return from Europe in 1865 he plunged once more into the campaign for reform of the Indian service. Winning the confidence of the secretary of the interior and that of the commissioner of Indian affairs, he was deluged with requests by government officials for advice and aid and made a member of Indian commissions. In an appeal to Horace Greeley (manuscript, Minnesota Historical Society), Feburary 28, 1867, he made the following concrete suggestions for reform: (1) the perfection of the reservation system; (2) grants of land to individual Indians with inalienable title; (3) an adequate school system; (4) a system of inspection of agencies, schools, and employees. In Grant's administration reform came, for the most part in the ways that Whipple had suggested. For the next two decades he fought valiantly for his "red children, " exposing fraud, building up mission work in the new Chippewa home in Minnesota - the White Earth Reservation - and making appeals for them by addresses in America and abroad. His work took him on special missions to Puerto Rico and to Cuba. His fame mounted as he grew older, so that he was called to speak or preside at many meetings in America and Europe. In 1871 the Archbishop of Canterbury offered him the bishopric of the Sandwich Islands, but he declined. Queen Victoria commanded an audience in December 1890. In 1897 he attended the fourth Lambeth Conference as presiding bishop of the American Church.
Achievements
He was the first Episcopal bishop of Minnesota. He was a famous raconteur. His writings were many, though mostly in pamphlet form or printed in church periodicals. In 1899 appeared his autobiography, Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate, which was reprinted in 1900 and 1902, and came out in a new edition in 1912.
Whipple was an orator of no mean ability, possessing a melodious voice of sufficient compass and power to stir his audiences. In personal appearance he was prepossessing, being six feet two inches in height and weighing about 170 pounds. He had a high forehead, grey eyes, a long face, brown curly hair that turned to snowy whiteness in his later years and was worn long in patriarchal fashion about his shoulders.
Interests
Fishing was a passion with him.
Connections
He married Cornelia (Wright) on October 5, 1842. His first wife died in 1890; six children had been born to them, two of whom predeceased their parents. On October 22, 1896, he married Evangeline (Marrs) Simpson of Saxonville, Massachussets