Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer was a German traveller and historical investigator, best known for his opinions in regard to the ethnology of the modern Greeks.
Background
Falmerayer was born, the seventh of ten children, in the village of Weiler-Pairdorf in Tyrol on December 10, 1790. Fallmerayer's parents were small farmers. In 1801, the family moved to Brixen, where his father found work as a hired worker.
Education
From the age of seven, Falmerayer attended a local school in the village of Chech and worked as a shepherd. Falmerayer enrolled in the "Volksschule", where he impressed the priests of who taught there with the talent. In 1803 he continued his education at the gymnasium, which he graduated in 1809 with a diploma in metaphysics, mathematics and philosophy of religion. After that he left Tyrol, impressed by the anti-Bavarian uprising of Andreas Gofer, and left for Salzburg. In Salzburg, Falmerayer found a job as a home teacher, and entered the Benedictine Seminary, where he studied classical, modern and eastern philology, literature, history, and philosophy. After years of study, he decided to give himself the peace and quiet necessary for student life, by entering the abbey of the Kremsmünster monastery, but the difficulties set by the Bavarian officials on his way have ruled out the fulfillment of these intentions. At the University of Landshut (today the University of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian), in which he passed in 1812, he initially devoted himself to jurisprudence, but soon turned his attention exclusively to history as well as to classical and eastern philology. His most necessary expenses were covered by a scholarship from the Bavarian Crown.
Career
During the Napoleonic wars he joined the Bavarian infantry as a subaltern in 1813, fought at Hanau (30th October 1813), and served throughout the campaign in France. He remained in the army of occupation on the banks of the Rhine until Waterloo, when he spent six months at Orleans as adjutant to General von Spreti. Two years of garrison life at Lindau on Lake Constance after the peace were spent in the study of modern Greek, Persian and Turkish. Resigning his commission in 1818, he was successively engaged as teacher in the gymnasium at Augsburg and in the progymnasium and lyceum at Landshut. The three years from 1831 to 1834 he spent in travel with the Russian count Ostermann Tolstoy, visiting Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Cyprus, Rhodes, Constantinople, Greece and Naples. On his return he was elected in 1835 a member of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, but he soon after left the country again on account of political troubles, and spent the greater part of the next four years in travel, spending the winter of 1839-1840 with Count Tolstoy at Geneva. Constantinople, Trebizond, Athos, Macedonia, Thessaly and Greece were visited by him during 1840-1841; and after some years' residence in Munich he returned in 1847 to the East, and travelled in Palestine, Syria and Asia Minor. The authorities continued to regard him with suspicion, and university students were forbidden to attend the lectures he delivered at Munich. He entered, however, into friendly relations with the crown prince Maximilian, but this intimacy was destroyed by the events following on 1848. During the winter of 1849-1850 he was an exile in Switzerland, but the amnesty of April 1850 enabled him to return to Munich. He died on the 26th of April 1861.
Politics
He there joined the left or opposition party, and in the following year he accompanied the rump-parliament to Stuttgart, a course of action which led to his expulsion from his professorate.
Membership
At that period he was appointed professor of history in the Munich University, and made a member of the national congress at Frankfort-on-Main.