Background
James Booth was born on July 28, 1810, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, the son of George and Ann (Bolton) Booth.
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James Booth was born on July 28, 1810, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, the son of George and Ann (Bolton) Booth.
Booth's early education was obtained in the public schools of Philadelphia and in Hartsville Seminary. Entering the University of Pennsylvania in 1825, he studied chemistry with Hare and Keating. Upon receiving the A. B. degree in 1829 he continued to study chemistry for a year or more at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. He then went to Germany, where he studied analytical chemistry with Woehler in Hesse-Cassel and with Magnus in Berlin. He also attended lectures in Vienna and visited chemical plants on the continent and in England.
In 1836, James Booth started a student laboratory in Philadelphia where men could obtain practical training in chemistry - especially analytical chemistry - by personal instruction. With him were associated successively Martin H. Boyé, Thomas H. Garrett, and Andrew A. Blair. In 1878 the firm became Booth, Garrett & Blair. Many men of this period received their technical education in this unique training school, and several became distinguished chemists. From 1836 to 1845 Booth was professor of chemistry applied to the arts in the Franklin Institute, from 1842 to 1845 he taught chemistry in the Philadelphia Central High School, and from 1851 to 1855 he was professor of chemistry applied to the arts in the University of Pennsylvania.
While teaching in the Central High School Booth analyzed sugar and molasses with the polariscope - probably the first chemist in America to use the polariscope for this purpose. Later he became state geologist of Delaware. Although he subsequently abandoned geology he retained his interest in mining and metals, especially iron. Meanwhile he found time to prepare the reports of the Franklin Institute Committee on Science and Arts, a report on Our Recent Improvements in the Chemical Arts (1851), and numerous papers for scientific periodicals. In conjunction with Martin H. Boyé, Campbell Morfit, and R. S. McCulloh he wrote an Encyclopædia of Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical (1850). Two years later he edited T. R. Belton's translation of Regnault's Elements of Chemistry.
In 1860 Booth tried to interest iron manufacturers in a system of control analysis of iron ores, and although unsuccessful he and his business associates (Garrett and Blair) continued to study iron ores and ultimately one of them (Blair) wrote the Chemical Analysis of Iron, which has gone through many editions and is authoritative to-day in its field. As an analyist Booth was skilful and accurate, and as a consulting chemist he was indefatigable and resourceful, especially in metallurgical processes. As a teacher of practical chemistry he was unsurpassed by his contemporaries.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
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James Booth was an active member of the American Philosophical Society, the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of Mechanic Arts, the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the American Chemical Society (president in 1883 and 1884).
James Booth was married, on November 17, 1853, to Margaret M. Cardoza.