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He was born at Ayr on the 22nd of January 1808. His father was an army surgeon.
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(Excerpt from Tree and Serpent Worship, or Illustrations o...)
Excerpt from Tree and Serpent Worship, or Illustrations of Mythology and Art in India in the First and Fourth Centuries After Christ: From the Sculptures of the Buddhist Topes at Sanchi and Amravati The almost universal association of human sacrifices with the practice Of Serpent Worship would render it extremely desirable to ascertain, if it were possible, how far the connexion between the two is real, or to what extent the juxtaposition may be only accidental. The subject is, however, very seriously complicated by the circumstance of the very different form which the rite took in various ages, and the different points Of View from which it must consequently be at times regarded. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated.1849 Excerpt: ... INTRODUCTION. It would not be easy to point to any art in the whole cycle of human inventions which has had more influence on the destinies of mankind than the Art of Fortification; nor any one which might now be of so much importance to nations, or more seriously influence their future fate, than this one. Notwithstanding, however, its acknowledged importance, there is no art in modern times whose position is so singular and anomalous, or which has so ill repaid all the thought and experience that have been bestowed on its cultivation. On all hands it is an admitted dogma, that the art cf attack is, and must be, except under exceptional circumstances, superior to the art of defence; and that, since the invention of gunpowder, it has become impossible to build a fort which shall be able to resist more than a certain limited number of days to a siege conducted according to the usual and known rules of attack. If this is to remain so, aggressive wars must always have an advantage over defensive ones, and weak states can never defend themselves against their more powerful neighbours without involving the whole world in the contest; and thus the first elementary principles of right and wrong are in abeyance, and the independence of all moderate states annihilated, because of the imperfection of this one most important art. Before the invention of gunpowder the position of the case was exactly the reverse of this; the art of defence was so superior to the art of attack, that not only small states, but cities were able to resist the encroachments of their more bulky neighbours: and it is principally to this circumstance that we owe not only our municipal institutions and freedom, but also that independence of character and self-government which form so promi B ne...
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He was born at Ayr on the 22nd of January 1808. His father was an army surgeon.
After being educated first at the Edinburgh high school, and afterwards at a' private school at Hounslow, James went to Calcutta as partner in a mercantile house.
James went to Calcutta as partner in a mercantile house. Here he was attracted by the remains of the ancient architecture of India, little known or understood at that time. The successful conduct of an indigo factory, as he states in his own account, enabled him in about ten years to retire from business and settle in London. The observations made on Indian architecture were first embodied in his book on The Rock-cut Temples of India, published in 1845. The task of analyzing the historic and aesthetic relations of this type of ancient buildings led him further to undertake a historical and critical comparative survey of the whole subject of architecture in The Handbook of Architecture, a work which first appeared in 1855. This did not satisfy him, and the work was reissued ten years later in a much more extended form under the title of The History of Architecture. The chapters on Indian architecture, which had been considered at rather disproportionate length in the Handbook, were removed from the general History, and the whole of this subject treated more fully in a separate volume, The History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, which appeared in 1876, and, although complete in itself, formed a kind of appendix to The History of Architecture. Previously to this, in 1862, he issued his History of Modern Architecture, in which the subject was continued from the Renaissance to the present day, the period of "modern architecture" being distinguished as that of revivals and imitations of ancient styles, which began with the Renaissance. The essential difference between this and the spontaneously evolved architecture of preceding ages Fergusson was the first clearly to point out and characterize. His treatise on The True Principles of Beauty in Art, an early publication, is a most thoughtful metaphysical study. Some of his essays on special points in archaeology, such as the treatise on The Mode in which Light was introduced into Greek Temples, included theories which have not received general acceptance. Among his works, besides those already mentioned, are: A Proposed New System of Fortification (1849), Palaces of Nineveh and Persepolis restored (1851), Mausoleum at Halicarnassus restored (1862), Tree and Serpent Worship (1868), Rude Stone Monuments in all Countries (1872), and The Temples of the Jews and the other Buildings in the Haram Area at Jerusalem (1878). The sessional papers of the Institute of British Architects include papers by him on The History of the Pointed Arch, Architecture of Southern India, Architectural Splendour of the City of Beejapore, On the Erechtheum and on the Temple of Diana at Ephesus. Although Fergusson never practiced architecture he took a keen interest in all the professional work of his time. He was adviser with Austen Layard in the scheme of decoration for the Assyrian court at the Crystal Palace, and indeed assumed in 1856 the duties of general manager to the Palace Company, a post which he held for two years. His manifold activities continued till his death, which took place in London on the 9th of January 1886.
(Excerpt from Tree and Serpent Worship, or Illustrations o...)
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(History of the Modern Styles of Architecture is an unchan...)
(This historic book may have numerous typos and missing te...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
In 1847 Fergusson had published an "Essay on the Ancient Topography of Jerusalem", in which he had contended that the "Mosque of Omar" was the identical church built by Constantine the Great over the tomb of our Lord at Jerusalem, and that it, and not the present church of the Holy Sepulchre, was the genuine burial-place of Jesus. The burden of this contention was further explained by the publication in 1860 of his Notes on the Site of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem; and The Temples of the Jews and the other Buildings in the Haram Area at Jerusalem, published in 1878, was a still completer elaboration of these theories, which are said to have been the origin of the establishment of the Palestine Exploration fund.