Background
James Hamilton was born on April 14, 1788, in New York City, New York, United States, the third son of Alexander and Elizabeth (Schuyler) Hamilton.
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James Hamilton was born on April 14, 1788, in New York City, New York, United States, the third son of Alexander and Elizabeth (Schuyler) Hamilton.
In 1805 James was graduated from Columbia College and four years later, after studying in the law office of Judge Pendleton, was admitted to the bar.
James Hamilton began practice in Waterford, Saratoga County, New York, but in 1810 moved to Hudson, New York. During the War of 1812 he served as brigade-major and inspector in the New York militia, but returned to the practice of law with the conclusion of peace. Unlike his distinguished father, he was a Clintonian Democrat and a member of Tammany, and in this connection he was for some time associated with Charles King and Johnston Ver Planck in the publishing of the New York American. Facile, smooth-tongued, and ambitious, he gradually worked his way into the inner circle of the foremost Democratic leaders of his day, being on especially intimate terms with Martin Van Buren and William H. Crawford.
In 1827-1828, when the political star of Andrew Jackson was in the ascendancy, Hamilton was sent as one of the delegates of the Tammany Society to attend the anniversary celebration of the battle of New Orleans. He met the Jackson party at Nashville and journeyed with it down the Mississippi. His suavity and political standing soon won Jackson’s friendship and confidence, and on his return from this trip he purposed to visit Crawford in Georgia in order to heal a political breach between the latter and Jackson. He did not see Crawford, but wrote to him, and the correspondence which ensued was instrumental in setting in motion the chain of events which ultimately led to political discord between Jackson and Calhoun.
Upon the suggestion of Van Buren, Hamilton was appointed by the President, on March 4, 1829, to take charge of the department, which he surrendered to the regular appointee on March 27. Of Jackson’s cabinet as a whole, despite his part in selecting it, he was a caustic critic, later characterizing it as “the most unintellectual and uneducated cabinet we ever had. ” Subsequently Jackson, wholly unknown to Van Buren and against his wishes, made Hamilton United States district attorney for the Southern District of New York, but the duties of the new office proved onerous, and he relinquished them in 1833. At Jackson’s request he prepared a plan for a bank subordinate to the Treasury Department, but it was not used.
Always a stanch defender of his father’s fiscal policies, in his later years he became a thorough Hamiltonian in his political philosophy. In 1840 he supported Harrison, and thereafter was identified with the Whigs and the Republicans. At every threat of war between 1833 and 1861 he offered his services to the army, but after 1833 he took part in politics only through the copious advice which he offered to statesmen of all parties. Abroad during the revolutions of 1848, he contributed plans of constitutional and financial reform to his French and Italian friends.
Hamilton published a number of pamphlets, among them State Sovereignty: Rebellion against the United States by the People of a State is Its Political Suicide (1862), and two in defense of his father: The Public Debt and the Public Credit of the United States (1864), and Martin Van Buren’s Calumnies Repudiated: Hamilton’s Conduct as Secretary of the Treasury Vindicated (1870). In his seventy-ninth year he began the preparation of his autobiography, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton; or Men and Events, at Home and Abroad, during Three Quarters of a Century, which was published in 1869. He spent his declining years in and about New York City, where he died at the age of ninety.
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Hamilton was an ardent nationalist, refusing to favor abolition because he believed that slavery was protected by the Constitution. With the outbreak of the Civil War, however, he urged emancipation as a military measure, and in 1862 drafted an emancipation proclamation.
In October of 1810 James Hamilton married Mary, daughter of Robert Morris and a grand-daughter of Richard Morris, once chief justice of New York.
