Manual Training in the Public Schools of Philadelphia (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Manual Training in the Public Schools of Phi...)
Excerpt from Manual Training in the Public Schools of Philadelphia
It is well, also, that we should be on our guard against a kind of pseudo manual training that is finding its way into the schools. As is always the case with new move ments, there is a good deal of experimenting with little knacks, which do nothing for either discipline or knowl edge. These are put forward by well-meaning persons as manual training, and great harm is done in this way in misleading the public and wasting the time and energies ofpupfls.
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Syllabus of a Course of Elementary Instruction in United States History and Civil Government
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Catalogue of the Pedagogical Library and the Books of Reference in the Office of the Superintendent of Public Schools, Board of Education, Philadelphia. With Bibliographical Notes and References
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James A. MacAlister was an American lawyer and educator.
Background
James A. MacAlister was born on April 26, 1840, in Glasgow, Scotland. He was the son of John and Agnes Robertson MacAlister. In early childhood, he lost his father and, with his widowed mother and two older sisters, went to live with his paternal grandfather, a man of strong character, an elder in the Presbyterian Church, engaged in business in Glasgow. After the grandfather's death the family emigrated to Wisconsin in 1850.
Education
James MacAlister's early schooling was obtained in Scotland; his three years of college training at Brown University, where he graduated in 1856. After leaving college, he taught school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Here, also, after graduation from the Albany Law School in 1864, he practised law.
Career
MacAlister's success as a student of public affairs and as a speaker led to his absorption in the cause of education. In 1873, he was appointed superintendent of the public schools of Milwaukee. Thereafter he devoted himself to education. When Philadelphia sought to reorganize its public-school system it chose as leader the notably successful Milwaukee superintendent. In 1883, he undertook the task of introducing progressive ideas into what was then a very conservative community. The contagious enthusiasm and skilful address which had won Milwaukee enlisted the interest of Philadelphia.
He frequently lectured on modern education. Addressing the Modern Language Association at the University of Pennsylvania in 1887, he proposed that the writings of Dante, Cervantes, Shakespeare, and Goethe be added to a curriculum which had hitherto recognized only the ancient classics. He developed a program of industrial training in the schools. One of the earliest educational monographs issued by the New York College for the Training of Teachers under the editorship of Nicholas Murray Butler was by MacAlister: "Manual Training in the Public Schools of Philadelphia. "
When he resigned in 1890, the Philadelphia Press declared that he had transformed the schools through his "energy, tact, industry, enthusiasm, ability, and unflexible pertinacity. " He resigned to become president of the newly established Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry. The main building was dedicated December 17, 1891, in the presence of Thomas A. Edison, Andrew Carnegie, J. Pierpont Morgan, and many educational and public officials, by Chauncey M. Depew.
The first classes were held in 1892. A happy association with Anthony J. Drexel and his friend George W. Childs was ended by the death of Drexel in 1893 and that of Childs shortly after. The well-founded movement went on under MacAlister's guidance with the help of other friends. In addition to the courses which included among others then undeveloped fields of electrical engineering, business, domestic economy, and library science, a powerful influence was exerted among students and the general public by the museum of industrial art, the picture gallery, and the organ recitals and other concerts. The success of the institution drew visitors from all over the world. The founder of the Armour Institute, Chicago, consulted MacAlister, as did the founder of Pratt Institute.
He enjoyed friendships at home and abroad based upon a common enthusiasm for practical education, literature, and the fine arts. While the Drexel Institute building was being erected he studied technical education in Europe. He frequently visited London and Edinburgh, always returning with delight to Philadelphia or to his summer cottage in Rhode Island. His wife, who died in 1898, shared his joy in a hospitable home. One who gave himself so completely to students, colleagues, friends, and the public found little time for writing.
He lectured at Drexel Institute, Johns Hopkins, the Harvard Summer School, and at many educational association meetings.
He was an Officier d'Académie Français, trustee of the University of Pennsylvania (1885 - 1897), and a member of the Committee of Fifty for the Investigation of the Liquor Problem (1897 - 1900).
In 1913, his health had declined so seriously that he resigned in June. He was then made president emeritus of Drexel Institute. On his way to Bermuda in December he died of heart failure at sea