Background
Jane Arminda Delano was born on March 12, 1862 at Townsend, New York, United States. She was the second child of George and Mary Ann (Wright) Delano.
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Jane Arminda Delano was born on March 12, 1862 at Townsend, New York, United States. She was the second child of George and Mary Ann (Wright) Delano.
After a brief period of teaching she entered the Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing, New York City, in 1884. Those associated with her during this period speak of her as a well-poised, earnest student, so unobtrusive in her work that to few, if any, of her classmates did it occur that she possessed the force and character that would later bring her name and accomplishment before the eyes of the world.
In 1887 Delano was superintendent of nurses at a hospital in Jacksonville, Florida, United States, during an epidemic of yellow fever. The following year she gave to pioneer service as a visiting-nurse in a mining camp at Bisbee, Arizona, United States.
After a period of private practise she was appointed superintendent of nurses at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing, serving 1891-96.
In 1898 she took a course at the New York School of Civics and Philanthropy. She was Director of the Girls’ Department, House of Refuge, Randall s Island, New York, in 1900-02; and from May 1902 to October 1906 was Director of the School of Nursing at her alma mater, resigning to take care of her aged mother whose death two years later released her for work destined to be the most important in her career.
During the Spanish-American War she had joined the New York Branch of the American Red Cross and become interested in securing nurses for enrolment in the Red Cross Nursing Service. After the reorganization of the American Red Cross in 1905, the National Nursing Associations secured an affiliation with that organization which placed the enrolment of nurses in the hands of state and local committees of Red Cross nurses supervised by a National Committee, of which, in 1909, Miss Delano, just appointed superintendent of the newly authorized Army Nurse Corps, was made chairman. While occupying this dual position she developed the plan for making the Red Cross Nursing Service the reserve of the Army Nurse Corps. From 1908 to 1911 she was president of the board of directors of the American Journal of Nursing, and from 1909 to 1912 she was president of the American Nurses’ Association.
She resigned from the Army Nurse Corps in 1911 to devote her entire time to Red Cross organization.
A Bureau of Nursing Service was created in 1916 under which was placed the selection and assignment of nurses and organization of all military and other nursing units. The writer, then superintendent of the Bellevue and Allied Hospital Schools of Nursing, was selected for this office, Miss Delano retaining her connection with the service as chairman of the National Committee.
The declaration of war in 1917 was quickly followed by a speeding up of all Red Cross activities. The demand for nurses made by the Army, the Navy, and the United States Public Health Service in its work in the extra cantonment zones, as well as for the use of the Red Cross brought such heavy burdens upon both the chairman of the National Committee and the director of the Bureau of Nursing Service that a Department of Nursing was created in 1918 with Miss Delano as director.
When the Armistice was signed the Red Cross Nursing Service had assigned 17, 931 nurses to the Army; 1, 058 to the Navy; 284 to the United States Public Health Service, while 604 were working under the Red Cross with the civilian population in the countries of the Allies. The Nursing Service also supplied 553 Red Cross aides for special work in France, and to the influenza epidemic in 1918, especially to war industries, over 15, 000 graduate and practical nurses and volunteer aides.
The war over and the influenza epidemic allayed, Miss Delano sailed on January 2, 1919, for France, on her last tour of inspection. Developing a mastoid, from which she never recovered, she died at Savenay Hospital Center, April 15, 1919.
It was also characteristic of her that, as a memorial to her mother and father, she should leave a legacy, together with the royalties from the American Red Cross Textbook on Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of the Sick (1913), which with Isabel Mclsaacs she found time to prepare during her busy Red Cross days, and to support one or more visiting nurses in communities where none existed. Many decorations were bestowed upon her by foreign countries.
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