Background
John Fleming was born on April 17, 1807, in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, the son of John Fleming and Mary McEwen.
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John Fleming was born on April 17, 1807, in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, the son of John Fleming and Mary McEwen.
He attended Mifflin Academy and Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa. , graduating in 1829.
After further study in the Princeton Theological Seminary he was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, October 24, 1832.
Fleming was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry, October 24, 1832.
Early in the next year, he began his missionary work under the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions among the Creek Indians near Fort Gibson, on the Arkansas River, in the territory of the present state of Oklahoma. His wife opened a school and he began preaching through an interpreter, at the time associating intimately with the Indians in order to learn their language. His chief claim to remembrance is that he was the first to reduce to writing the Muskoka or Creek language, which was a task of peculiar difficulty on account of the numerous and puzzling combinations of consonants involved.
After about a year Fleming produced an elementary book of some hundred pages on the study of the language, which also contained hymns and portions of the Bible in the native tongue. His next work, Short Sermon: Also Hymns, in the Muskogee or Creek Language, was printed in Boston in 1835. In the same year he published through the Cherokee Press his Istuti in Naktsoky, or The Child’s Book, followed in 1836 by his most important work, The Muskogee Semaliaycta, or Muskogee Teacher. The Creek mission proved unsuccessful and was closed by the government.
This failure and the state of his wife’s health caused Fleming to transfer from the American Board to the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions under whose auspices he spent a year among the Wea Indians in Kansas. This mission having been withdrawn on account of denominational competition, he spent the year 1839 on Grand Traverse Bay, Michigan, at a mission to the Chippewas and Ottawas. He had made substantial progress in learning the language as well as in religious and educational work, when his wife died, and he was compelled to withdraw from the Board.
From 1840 to 1848 Fleming served two four-year pastorates at the Presbyterian churches at Middle Tuscarora, and at Fairfield, Pennsylvania.
From 1849 to 1875 he was engaged in missionary work in La Salle County, Illinois, under the Presbyterian Boards of Missions and of Publication. He then removed to Gilson, Nebraska, where he supplied various churches till 1879, and then to Ayr in the same state, where he died on October 27, 1894.
(This book, "Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, ...)
From 1840 to 1848 he served two four-year pastorates at the Presbyterian churches at Middle Tuscarora, and at Fairfield, Pennsylvania.
He was married to Margaret Longstreth Scudder, November 1, 1832. She died May 21, 1839, and on April 26, 1843, he married Rebecca Clark Patterson, who survived him with one daughter by his first marriage and four sons and two daughters by the second.