Lafayette County, Missouri, United States
Marmaduke attended Chapel Hill Academy (best known as Chapel Hill College) in Lafayette County, Missouri.
New Haven, CT 06520, United States
John Sappington Marmaduke attended Yale University for 2 years.
Cambridge, MA, United States
John Sappington Marmaduke attended Harvard University for another year before going to West Point.
West Point, New York, United States
John Sappington Marmaduke graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1857 after attending both Harvard and Yale.
Lafayette County, Missouri, United States
Marmaduke attended Chapel Hill Academy (best known as Chapel Hill College) in Lafayette County, Missouri.
New Haven, CT 06520, United States
John Sappington Marmaduke attended Yale University for 2 years.
Cambridge, MA, United States
John Sappington Marmaduke attended Harvard University for another year before going to West Point.
West Point, New York, United States
John Sappington Marmaduke graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1857 after attending both Harvard and Yale.
John Sappington Marmaduke was born on March 14, 1833, in Saline County, Missouri, United States. His mother was Lavinia Sappington, a daughter of the well-known Dr. John Sappington of Saline County. His father was Meredith Miles Marmaduke, of Westmoreland County. Upon the death of Gov. Thomas Reynolds, the elder Marmaduke, who was lieutenant-governor, served almost a year as governor of Missouri. John was the second son among 10 children.
Marmaduke attended Chapel Hill Academy (best known as Chapel Hill College) in Lafayette County, Missouri before attending Yale University for 2 years and then Harvard University for another year before going to West Point. He graduated in 1857, ranked 30 out of 38 in his class.
John Sappington Marmaduke received his commission as a second lieutenant and was initially assigned to the First United States Mounted Riflemen before being transferred to the Second United States Cavalry. While under the command of Colonel Albert S. Johnston, he participated in the so-called Mormon War of 1857-58 and was stationed at Camp Floyd, Utah. While on duty in the New Mexico Territory in 1861, Marmaduke left for home after receiving erroneous information that Missouri had seceded. Shortly after arriving home, he resigned his commission and organized a company and then accepted a commission as colonel of the First Missouri Rifles of the Missouri State Guard. His initial exposure to Civil War combat came on June 17, 1861, Battle of Booneville, where untrained troops under his command were routed. Appalled by his troops' performance, Marmaduke resigned his Missouri commission and traveled to Richmond, Virginia, where he was given the rank of first lieutenant in the Confederate army and assigned to the command of General William J. Hardee at Pittman's Ferry in Arkansas. Shortly after arriving in northeast Arkansas, he has commissioned a lieutenant colonel of the First Arkansas Battalion of cavalry.
After a brief excursion into Missouri, Hardee’s forces were transferred to Kentucky and Tennessee by early 1862. When the First Arkansas Battalion reached regiment strength, it was designated the Eighteenth Arkansas Infantry Regiment (later the Third Confederate Infantry). Effective on January 1, 1862, Marmaduke was promoted to colonel of a newly organized unit, the Third Confederate, which he led at the Battle of Shiloh in early April. After recovering from wounds he received there, he was promoted to brigadier general and reassigned to Arkansas to organize a cavalry division.
His first action as a brigadier general was at the Battle of Prairie Grove, where he commanded the Fourth Division of the cavalry. Shortly afterward, he led his cavalry on what would be the first of three Missouri raids led by General Sterling Price. He returned to Arkansas, leading the Confederate cavalry in the Action at Fayetteville on April 18, 1863; the Battle of Helena in July; the defense of Little Rock (Pulaski County); and the Action at Pine Bluff on October 25, 1863. It was during the defense of Little Rock, shortly after the Action at Bayou Meto, on August 27, 1863, that a dispute with General L. M. Walker over Walker's previous actions in combat resulted in a duel that cost Walker his life. Marmaduke was briefly placed under arrest for his participation in the duel.
Late in 1863, Marmaduke once again embarked on a raid into Missouri with General Price. Marmaduke’s cavalry returned to Arkansas to participate in the repulse of Union forces in the 1864 Red River Campaign in southern Arkansas. Marmaduke was commended for his actions at the Engagement at Poison Spring on April 18, 1864.
Shortly after the campaign, Marmaduke once again joined Price for a third and final raid of Missouri, considered by many to be the last significant Confederate operation west of the Mississippi River. The raid, which expanded into Kansas, resulted in several running battles, with Marmaduke being captured during the Battle of Mine Creek in Kansas on October 25. He spent the remainder of the conflict as a prisoner of war and was released in August 1865 from Fort Warren in Boston, Massachusetts. While imprisoned, he was promoted to major general, the last such promotion by the Confederate military.
Marmaduke returned to Missouri after the war and found employment in the insurance industry and later as editor of an agricultural journal. By the late 1870s, Marmaduke followed in the family tradition of politics but lost the gubernatorial election of 1880 to Thomas T. Crittenden. Aggressively campaigning in 1884 and with the support of several ex-Confederate officers, Marmaduke became Missouri's 25th governor.
Marmaduke was not a member of any religious denomination.
As governor, John successfully suppressed railroad strikes in 1885 and 1886 and ultimately signed into law legislation designed to regulate the railroads. He also was active in developing adequate funding for the state's public schools.
Physical Characteristics: Marmaduke was more than six feet tall and retained throughout life an erect military bearing.
Marmaduke never married.
1791-1864
1807-1885
1831-1904
1840-1911
1846-1915
1844-1924
1827-1885
1837-1911
1829-1885
Claiborne F. Jackson, Marmaduke's uncle, appointed him as the colonel of the 1st Regiment of Rifles, a unit from Saline County, Missouri, in the Missouri State Guard.
John S. Phelps appointed Marmaduke to the United States Military Academy.
Nathaniel Lyon's 1,700 well-trained and equipped soldiers easily routed Marmaduke's untrained and poorly armed force at the Battle of Boonville on June 17, 1861, a skirmish mockingly dubbed "the Boonville Races" by Unionists, since Marmaduke's recruits broke and ran after just 20 minutes of battle.
John Sappington Marmaduke served on the staff of Lieutenant-General William J. Hardee, a former United States Military Academy instructor of infantry tactics.
Marmaduke's former Mormon War commander, Albert Sidney Johnston, asked him to join his staff in early 1862.
