Background
John Cleveland Rbinson born at Binghamton, New York, on 10 April 1817, the son of Dr. Tracy and Sarah (Cleveland) Robinson, was a descendant of the Reverend John Robinson, pastor of the Pilgrims in Leyden.
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captain Soldier colonel major-general lieutenant-governor
John Cleveland Rbinson born at Binghamton, New York, on 10 April 1817, the son of Dr. Tracy and Sarah (Cleveland) Robinson, was a descendant of the Reverend John Robinson, pastor of the Pilgrims in Leyden.
His early schooling was under tutors and at Oxford Academy, Oxford, New York.
He entered the United States Military Academy in June 1835 to study law and left in March 1838.
Robinson became a second lieutenant of the 5th Infantry in 1839.
During the Mexican War he was regimental and brigade quartermaster, and saw action at the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and at the siege of Monterey. After the war he continued in the army, becoming captain in 1850. Between the two wars which were the high spots of his career, he was engaged in various services in the expanding West, with the exception of one period of campaigning against the Seminole Indians in Florida in 1856-57.
Robinson was in command of Fort McHenry when the 6th Massachusetts Infantry was attacked in the streets of Baltimore, Maryland, on April 19, 1861.
He turned the guns towards the city, secretly revictualled the fort, and made such an excellent show of resistance that the rioters decided it was best not to attack at that time.
He was elected colonel of the 16t Michigan Volunteers while on a recruiting trip in the West in September 1861. On April 28, 1862, he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers and assumed command of the 16t Brigade of Kearney's division of the III Corps, Army of the Potomac.
He served with distinction throughout the Peninsular campaign, and later commanded the 2nd Division in the I and V Corps.
His military career in the Civil War was full of honors. He was brevetted for actions at Gettysburg and for gallant conduct in the battle of the Wilderness.
He served continuously with the Army of the Potomac until Spotsylvania, where he was wounded in the left knee while leading his command and suffered amputation of the leg.
Upon his recovery, he was given command of military districts in New York. In June 1864 he was brevetted major-general, and in March 1865, by special appointment of the president, he became military commander and commissioner of the Bureau of Freedmen in North Carolina, with the rank of brigadier-general bestowed for bravery at Spotsylvania.
He was commander of the Department of the South in 1867, and in 1868 was commander of the Department of the Lakes.
He was retired with the rank of major-general on May 6, 1869.
After his retirement Robinson was lieutenant-governor of New York from 1872 to 1874, and thereafter was prominent in the activities of veterans' organizations.
He spent the latter years of his life in Binghamton, being totally blind from the year 1893 as a result of his old wound.
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Quotations: Of his service in Utah in 1857-58, Robinson wrote clearly and engagingly, expressing the opinion that the large expedition directed against the Mormons was a part of a plot to denude the eastern states of troops, so that "the dissolution of the Union" might be the easier (J. C. Robinson, "The Utah Expedition, " Magazine of American History, April 1884, p. 340).
On May 15, 1842, he married Sarah Maria Pease, in Green Bay, Wisconsin. From this marriage, seven children were born.