(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
https://www.amazon.com/Lectures-Moral-Philosophy-Witherspoon-1723-1794/dp/1313282669?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1313282669
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Witherspoon-L-L-D-President-College-Princeton/dp/1371220816?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1371220816
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1373668350?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1373668350
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1363387006?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1363387006
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1374077259?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1374077259
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1371177945?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1371177945
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1371250871?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1371250871
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1371249474?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1371249474
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Works-John-Witherspoon-Containing-Philosophy/dp/1374078719?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1374078719
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Witherspoon-President-College-Princeton-New-Jersey/dp/1371065357?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1371065357
John Witherspoon was born on February 5, 1722, at Gifford, a parish of Yester, at East Lothian, Scotland, the son of the Rev. James Witherspoon, III and Anne Walker. Though he was not a direct descendant of John Knox, as alleged, the family tree is sprinkled with Calvinist dominies.
Witherspoon attended the ancient Haddington Grammar School and at the age of thirteen matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, where he remained for seven years, taking the degree of master of arts in 1739 and the divinity degree in 1743.
He was licensed to preach by the Haddington Presbytery, September 6, 1743, and in January 1745 received a call to Beith in Ayrshire, where he was ordained April 11. In 1757 he became pastor of the congregation in the flourishing town of Paisley. His Scottish ministry lasted until 1768. Early allying himself with the Popular Party, he became one of its leaders. This faction was conservative, striving to maintain a purity of doctrine that was distasteful to many of the clergy. For twenty years Witherspoon attacked the Moderates for their apparent willingness to sacrifice the great dogmas of the Church for a dubious humanism in science and letters. It was his conviction that sermons should be more than expositions of morality, and in his diatribe Ecclesiastical Characteristics (1753), which quickly ran through seven editions, he excoriated the spiritual vacillation of the "paganized Christian divines" of his day. In 1757, enraged by the appearance of a play written by a churchman, he published A Serious Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Stage, in which he declared the drama to be an unlawful recreation because it agitates the passions too violently and therefore is not recreative in effect. In brief, he was reenacting the old story of a sterner generation waging a losing fight against the more comfortable philosophy of a more cultured age. In one respect, however, the Popular Party was completely identified with the people, namely, in its solicitude for "the right of personal conscience. " The General Assembly in the interest of more efficient church organization insisted upon obedience to the ecclesiastical authorities in the appointment of ministers. Witherspoon, in defending the traditional rights of the people in choosing their own ministers, emerged as the champion of popular rights. The fight between the factions was long and bitter. Witherspoon was ever on the offensive, confounding his enemies in a stream of published satires and invectives. These were read eagerly both at home and abroad by those of the Calvinist persuasion. In 1759 as moderator of the Synod of Glasgow and Ayr he delivered the last of his great doctrinal sermons, The Trial of Religious Truth by Its Moral Influence, in which he stoutly maintained all the orthodox points, painted a gloomy picture of the religious decadence of the country, and condemned in no uncertain terms the weakness and intellectual dishonesty of the ministry whereby "an unsubstantial theory of virtue" was being preached instead of "the great and operative views of the Gospel". In 1768, after having refused calls to Rotterdam and Dublin, he left Paisley to assume the presidency of the College of New Jersey.
During the period 1768 - 1776 the College of New Jersey took on a new lease of life. The endowment, the faculty, and the student body steadily increased. The Revolution, however, precluded a continuance of growth for many years. The student body was dispersed, the college could not be used for educational purposes, and its President was less and less in residence. Witherspoon introduced into Princeton the study of philosophy, French, history, and oratory, and he insisted upon a mastery of the English language. It was his conviction that an education should fit a man for public usefulness.
During the winter of 1775 - 1776, as chairman of his county delegation, he was concerned principally in bringing New Jersey into line with the other colonies. He was conspicuous only in the movement leading to the imprisonment of the royalist governor, William Franklin. On June 22, 1776, he was chosen as a delegate to the Continental Congress.
Witherspoon served in Congress with some intermissions from June 1776 until November 1782. He was appointed to more than one hundred committees and was a member of two standing committees of supreme importance — the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs. He took an active part in the debates on the Articles of Confederation; assisted in organizing the executive departments; shared in the formation of the new government's foreign alliances; and played a leading part in drawing up the instructions of the American peace commissioners. He fought against the flood of paper money, and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. He spent his last years, from 1782 to 1794, in endeavoring to rebuild the college. During his lifetime, however, the institution at Princeton never fully recovered from the effects of the Revolution. He did not as he wished spend his remaining days in otio cum dignitate, for he could never refuse a call to service. In 1783 he returned to the state legislature, and again in 1789. In 1787 he was a member of the New Jersey ratifying convention. From 1785 to 1789 he was engaged in the plan of organizing the Presbyterian Church along national lines. The catechisms, confessions of faith, directory of worship, and the form of government and discipline were largely his work. He was moderator of the first General Assembly, meeting in May 1789. His last years were sad and difficult, owing to the forlorn condition of the college exchequer, the depleted state of his purse, and the death of his wife. Blind the last two years of his life, Witherspoon died on November 15, 1794, on his farm, at "Tusculum, " at the age of seventy-one, and was buried in the President's Lot at Princeton.
In 1800 - 1801 The Works of John Witherspoon, in four volumes, appeared, and a nine-volume edition of his works was published in Edinburgh in 1815.
The Presbyterian minister, president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) and a Founding Father of the United States, John Witherspoon was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. A great number of statues, buildings, colleges and societies are named in his honour.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
John Witherspoon was deeply involved in organizing the national Presbyterian Church, and was moderator of the first General Assembly of the church.
John Witherspoon was a staunch nationalist and supporter of republicanism.
Quotations:
"The people in general ought to have regard to the moral character of those whom they invest with authority either in the legislative, executive, or judicial branches. "
"Never read a book through merely because you have begun it. "
"Those who wish well to the State ought to choose to places of trust men of inward principle, justified by exemplary conversation. "
From 1776 to 1782, John Witherspoon was a leading member of the Continental Congress.
On September 2, 1748, John Witherspoon married Elizabeth Montgomery, by whom he had ten children, five of whom died in childhood.
On May 30, 1791, he married Ann Marshall Dill, widow of Dr. Armstrong Dill. Witherspoon was at that time sixty-eight and his bride twenty-four, and the marriage caused considerable comment; two daughters were born of the union, one of whom died in infancy.
