Background
He was born at Harkotten, in Bavaria, on the 25th of December 1811.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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clergyman politician theologian
He was born at Harkotten, in Bavaria, on the 25th of December 1811.
He studied theology at Gottingen, Berlin, Heidelberg and Munich.
He was ordained priest in 1844. He first distinguished himself as one of the deputies of the Frankfort National Assembly, a position to which he was elected in 1848. In 1850 he was made bishop of Mainz, by order of the Vatican, in preference to the celebrated Professor Leopold Schmidt, of Giessen, whose Liberal sentiments were not agreeable to the Papal party. When elected, Ketteler refused to allow the students of theology in his diocese to attend lectures at Giessen, and ultimately founded an opposition seminary in the diocese of Mainz itself. He soon deserted his anti- infallibilist colleagues, and submitted to the decrees in August 1870. He was the warmest opponent of the State in the Kulturkampf provoked by Prince Bismarck after the publication of the Vatican decrees, and was largely instrumental in compelling that statesman to retract the pledge he had rashly given, never to "go to Canossa. " To such an extent did Bishop von Ketteler carry his opposition, that in 1874 he forbade his clergy to take part in celebrating the anniversary of the battle of Sedan, and declared the Rhine to be a " Catholic river. "
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
In 1858 he threw down the gauntlet against the State in his pamphlet on the rights of the Catholic Church in Germany. In 1863 he adopted Lassalle's Socialistic views, and published his Die Arbeitfrage und das Christenthum. When the question of papal infallibility arose, he opposed the promulgation of the dogma on the ground that such promulgation was inopportune. But he was not resolute in his opposition.
He resolved to consecrate his life to maintaining the cause of the freedom of the Church from the control of the State. This brought him into collision with the civil power, an attitude which he maintained throughout a stormy and eventful life.
Ketteler was rather a man of action than a scholar. He became noted for his foresight, energy and eloquence.