Sentimientos De La Nación. Voz Y Tiempo The Thoughts of the Nation
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Audiolibro de Vive el Tiempo. Los Sentimientos de la Na...)
Audiolibro de Vive el Tiempo. Los Sentimientos de la Nación son sin duda la más relevante formulación sintética de la visión de la insurgencia en su momento cumbre. Manifiestan el pensamiento político de Morelos en su fase culminante, compartido entonces por la mayoría de la dirigencia insurgente. Al mismo tiempo esos principios señalan ya una pre-constitución del nuevo Estado Nación que se gestaba. Los Sentimientos de la Nación en este Siglo XXI siguen manteniendo su vigencia ante los nuevos imperios de la prepotencia económica y militar, así como de la delincuencia y la corrupción; la independencia y la soberanía de la nación son una tarea inacabada y una responsabilidad de todos y cada uno de los mexicanos. Así lo sustenta el Dr. Herrejón Peredo en su análisis. La presencia del héroe también se resalta en la última parte del audiolibro, a partir de la literatura, manifiesta en voces sensibles y fuertes de declamadores profesionalesVive el Tiempo Audiobook.
The Thoughts of the Nation is without a doubt the most relevant synopsis of the vision of the insurgency during the height of the independence movement. It expresses the culmination of Morelos' political thought, shared by the majority of the leaders of the insurgency. These principles formed the basis of a pre-constitution for the new nation-stage during its formative years. The Thoughts of the Nation in the 21st Century remain relevant even in the face of the of the new economic and military powers, as well as the current corruption and violence. The independence and sovereignty of the nation are an unfinished work that all Mexicans are responsible for, as Dr. Herrejó Peredo sustains in this analysis. The role of the hero Morelos also stands out towards the end of the audiobook through literature as interpreted by the strong and sensitive voices of professional orators.
Please note: This audiobook is in Spanish.
Autógrafos Inéditos De Morelos Y Causa Que Se Le Instruyó: Mexico En 1623... (Spanish Edition)
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Autógrafos Inéditos De Morelos Y Causa Que Se Le Instruyó: Mexico En 1623; Documentos Inéditos Ó Muy Raros Para La Historia De México
José María Morelos, Juan Manuel de Mendoza y Luna (marqués de Montesclaros), Arias de Villalobos
Vda. de C. Bouret, 1907
History; Latin America; Mexico; History / Latin America / Mexico; Mexico; Mexico City (Mexico)
José María Teclo Morelos Pérez y Pavón was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader who who joined the forces seeking to liberate Mexico from Spanish rule and led the Mexican War of Independence movement, assuming its leadership after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in 1811.
Background
José María Morelos Morelos was born in Valladolid (now Morelia, the capital of the state of Michoacán) on September 30, 1765. A mestizo (of mixed Spanish and Indian blood), he was thus a member of the lower classes in the Spanish colonial social system. His parents were respectable though poor, and young Morelos went to work at an early age as a mule driver in the tierra caliente of southern Mexico.
His father was José Manuel Morelos y Robles, a carpenter originally from Zindurio, a predominantly indigenous village a few kilometers west of Valladolid. His mother was Juana María Guadalupe Pérez Pavón, originally from San Juan Bautista de Apaseo, also near Valladolid.
Education
In 1790 Morelos, with money he had saved and the barest rudiments of an education, enrolled at San Nicolás College in Valladolid to begin training for a career in the Church.
Hidalgo was rector of the college during Morelos's 2 years of residence there.
After further study at the Seminario Tridentino in Valladolid, Morelos in 1795 journeyed to the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico to take his final examinations and receive a bachelor of arts degree.
Career
In 1797 he was ordained a priest and 2 years later was assigned to the parish of Carácuaro, in the heart of the tierra caliente, where he remained until 1810. Carácuaro, with its nearly 2, 000 Indian parishioners, was one of the most remote and poverty-stricken curacies in all Mexico, and the work of the priest was extremely demanding and burdensome. Although Morelos performed manifold duties diligently, he became increasingly frustrated about the future of his ministry and irritated with his ecclesiastical superiors, who ignored or rejected his petitions.
Yet he probably would have remained in Carácuaro for the rest of his life, outside the stream of history, had he not received news in 1810 of the revolt led by Hidalgo. In a conference between the two men, Hidalgo convinced Morelos that the revolt was in defense of country and religion, inasmuch as the Spanish officials in Mexico were about to surrender the country to Napoleon Bonaparte and the French.
When Morelos responded sympathetically and agreed to join the cause, Hidalgo gave him a military commission and directed him to capture the port of Acapulco and spread the revolution southward.
In September 1813 Morelos-the "Servant of the Nation, " as he liked to style himself-called the Congress of Chilpancingo, composed of representatives of the provinces under his control, to consider a program which he outlined in a document entitled "Sentiments of the Nation. " In it, Morelos called for the independence of Mexico and for the abolition of all class distinctions, such as Indian, mulatto, and mestizo, in favor of the designation "American" for all native-born persons.
Sovereignty, he declared, was vested in the people and should be exercised by a representative congress. He also recommended republican institutions, a strong executive authority, respect for property, voluntary Church contributions, and the abolition of slavery, torture, and the tribute.
The cornerstone of a Mexican nation had been laid at Chilpancingo, but the completion of the structure would require military victories during 1814. Such, however, was not to be; Morelos's congress, other than declaring independence and naming him generalissimo, did little.
A succession of military disasters beginning at Valladolid late in 1813 brought a decline in Morelos's prestige and power, and the congress became an itinerant body relentlessly pursued by the viceroy's forces.
In an attempt to salvage something from a dying cause, the congress completed a constitution at Apatzingán in October 1814 which featured a weak executive and a powerful legislature. Morelos voiced his disapproval of the document but conceded that it was the best that could have been framed under the circumstances. His authority by this time was reduced to protecting the new insurgent congress, which had been installed in accordance with the constitution; and when, in November 1815, Morelos attempted to escort that body to a location near the east coast of Mexico, he was captured and brought to Mexico City in chains.
Morelos stood trial before three separate tribunals. A joint civil-ecclesiastical tribunal sentenced him to be degraded from the priesthood for heresy; the Inquisition, in a painful ceremony, carried out the act of degradation; and a civil court sentenced him to be executed for treason.
On December 22, 1815, at the village of San Cristóbal Ecatépec, a short distance from Mexico City, the sentence was carried out.
Achievements
He became the greatest of the insurgent military commanders, and as a statesman he advocated far-reaching political and social reforms. The struggle for independence began with the celebrated revolt initiated by Miguel Hidalgo, the parish priest of Dolores, on September 16, 1810, now one of Mexico's great national holidays. Although the effort achieved some initial successes, Hidalgo failed to clarify the aims of the revolt or to provide effective leadership. With his capture, trial, and execution in 1811, the movement was suppressed.
His most brilliant achievements were the conquest of the province of Oaxaca and his gallant defense of Cuautla, where he withstood a siege for 2 1/2 months. Morelos captured Acapulco in 1813 after a long siege, giving Spanish forces elsewhere, however, an opportunity to reorganize and seize the initiative. Thus, the taking of Acapulco, in compliance with Hidalgo's orders, marked the beginning of Morelos's decline.
On September 14, 1813, the Congress, with Morelos present, endorsed the "Sentiments of the Nation". This document declared Mexican independence from Spain, established the Roman Catholic religion and created the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. It declared respect for property and confiscated the productions of the Spanish colonial government.
Views
While Morelos was engaged in the conquest of southern Mexico, he was also formulating a revolutionary political and social program and laying plans for the establishment of an insurgent government.
During the next 3 years Morelos displayed the kind of leadership and ability for which he became famous in Mexican history. He raised and trained armies, instilled discipline and morale, planned campaigns, selected his commanders, and brought under his control an area south of Mexico City which stretched from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec on the east to Valladolid on the west.
Connections
As a priest, he could not marry, but he did form a relationship with at least one woman, Brígida Almonte. He is known to have fathered three children, two sons and a daughter. His first born was Juan Nepomuceno Almonte, who played a significant role himself in Mexican history. Lucas Alamán, a fierce nineteenth-century opponent of the insurgency and after independence a conservative politician and historian, asserted that Morelos "fathered various children with anonymous women of the people. "
