Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris: Secundum Observationes (Classic Reprint) (Latin Edition)
(Excerpt from Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris: Secu...)
Excerpt from Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris: Secundum Observationes
Ra'ra in truz_1co Liriode'ndri. Stipes badins, subéquam,osus, -inflexus, com pressus, unciam altus, quz_1tuo'r lineas latus. Clavùìa incressata, irreg'uléris. Sphae rulae majores, prominnlae', {atraez ostiolis globosis nigris. Asci monilifux'mes, post evaeuationem teretes. Sporidia globosa atra.
Diifert ab alutacea Sphaerulis atris sub aortica carnoso lateniibus, osiiolo atro prominulo.
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An Annotated Translation of the Part of Schweinitz's Two Papers Giving the Rusts of North America (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from An Annotated Translation of the Part of Schw...)
Excerpt from An Annotated Translation of the Part of Schweinitz's Two Papers Giving the Rusts of North America
Schweinitz, which was doubtless written by Schweinitz. It refers especially to the study of fungi, and as translated by Johnson (memoir, p. 25) reads: A solid basis to this department of botanical science must be laid, not on a sandy foundation, on the varying freaks and fancies of the mind, but on a perpetual daily and nightly employment of microscopic observation, a diligent and oft-repeated examination of the whole history of the fungous tribes, a careful perusal of authors, a comparison of their respective symo nyms, and above all, by the observation of living nature herself, as she unfolds her rich abundance in the recesses of forests, lawns and marshes, an observation which must be continued from day to day, and from year to year.
About the Publisher
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River: Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, &c., &c. Performed in the Year 1823, by Order of the ... Under the Command of Stephenh. Long, Major
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
Lewis David von Schweinitz was an American clergyman of the Moravian Church botanist, and pioneer mycologist.
Background
Lewis David was born on February 13, 178 at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, the eldest son of Baron Hans Christian Alexander von Schweinitz of Leubla, Saxony, who came to America in 1770. He changed the German form of his name, Ludwig David von Schweinitz, to Lewis, and sometimes used Louis von or de Schweinitz. His sons adopted the form de Schweinitz. His mother was Anna Dorothea Elizabeth, daughter of Baron Johannes de Watteville and Henrietta Benigna Justina, daughter of Nicholaus Lewis, Count Zinzendorf.
Education
At seven years of age Lewis David was sent to Nazareth Hall, where, during eleven years he was distinguished for his linguistic abilities, his satiric humor, and for his awakening interest in botany. He accompanied his family to Germany in 1798 and entered the Moravian theological seminary at Niesky, in Silesia, where he distinguished himself in theological studies.
Career
Lewis David von Schweinitz continued most ardently his investigations in plant life under the inspiring direction of J. B. de Albertini, with whose assistance he published in 1805 his first work, The Fungi of Lusatia, a volume of four hundred pages in Latin, containing twelve plates showing seventy-three new species, drawn and engraved by von Schweinitz.
He taught at Niesky until 1807 when he began a pastorate of seven years at Gnadenberg. He then served at Gnadau in Saxony until March 1812 when he was appointed general agent of the Moravian Church at Salem, North Carolina. In the midst of the troublous days of the Napoleonic breakdown and the War of 1812, he started with his bride Louisa Amelia Ledoux, daughter of a Huguenot family of Stettin, via Denmark for Sweden in order to embark from a neutral country. The travelers were detained for some months at Kiel where his attainments so impressed the authorities that they conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of philosophy, causa honoris.
After thrilling adventures on the privateer-infested Atlantic they reached New York late in the year and at once set out for Salem. In spite of arduous official duties as administrator of the province and as head of the Salem Academy, he nevertheless found time to explore that uncharted botanical area and to keep up a constant correspondence with experts in England, Germany, and France.
His next work, The Fungi of North Carolina, also in Latin, was published in 1818 at Leipzig, under the editorial care of Dr. D. F. Schwaegrichen. In 1821 he published, at Raleigh, North Carolina, a pamphlet describing seventy-six Hepaticae, of which nine had been discovered by him, and in the same year submitted to the American Journal of Science (1822), a monograph on the genus Viola, naming five new species.
He was offered the presidency of the University of North Carolina which he declined because of the pressure of his work (Popular Science Monthly, 1894). In 1821 he became administrator of the northern province of the Moravian Church and removed to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where he continued his botanical researches and diligently advanced his herbarium.
When Thomas Nuttall was called to England and unable to continue the description of the plants collected by Thomas Say on the expedition of Stephen Harriman Long to the Northwest, von Schweinitz completed the task. The catalogue was published in the second volume of W. H. Keating, Narrative of An Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River (1824).
In 1823 he made an analytical table of the genus Carex which he presented to the New York Lyceum of Natural History, and which, having been edited by John Torrey, was published under both names in the Annals of the society, June and October 1825. The American Journal of Science published his "List of the Rarer Plants found near Easton, Penn. " in August 1824. During his absence at a meeting of the General Synod in Germany, the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia published his description of a new American species of Sphaeriae.
When he returned to America early in 1826 he devoted his attention to his work, A Synopsis of North American Fungi, which he presented, in 1831, to the American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia. An unusual pressure of official duties at this time cut off his out of door exercise, and sedentary work undermined his health. A trip to Indiana in the summer of 1831 to establish a church at Hope was temporarily beneficial, but the cold winter of 1833-34 and certain unfortunate exposures cancelled this gain.
He died in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Achievements
Lewis David von Schweinitz is considered by some the "Father of North American Mycology". His greatest work, A Synopsis of North American Fungi, classifies over 3, 000 species of 246 genera of which 1, 200 species and seven genera were of his own discovery. In his another famous work, The Fungi of North Carolina, he described over 1, 000 species of which 300 were new to science. He bequeathed his collection of plants from all parts of the world, containing 23, 000 phanerogams and many thousand cryptogams, to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
A new genus of plant was named Schweinitzia in his honor, and the polypore Phaeolus schweinitzii is named in his honor.
(Excerpt from Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae Superioris: Secu...)
Connections
Lewis David von Schweinitz married Louisa Amelia Ledoux, daughter of a Huguenot family of Stettin. His four sons survived him. Edmund Alexander de Schweinitz was his son, and Emil Alexander de Schweinitz, his grandson.
