(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Material for Geography of Michigan (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Material for Geography of Michigan
The chie...)
Excerpt from Material for Geography of Michigan
The chief material offered is the series of diagrams, to which much atten tion may be given. The text serves mainly to interpret them and aids to picture conditions prevailing over wide areas. Any teacher should go to the diagrams for the facts of the home locality in which she teaches; to the relief map for her height above sea level and the character of the surface of her neighborhood; to the map of extent of Michigan for other illustrative exer cises of the same sort in other directions. The diagrams are capable of being read for any locality in the region or for all localities; how high, how smooth or rough they are, what sort of rocks or soils are probably prevalent there, how cold it is there in winter and how hot in summer, what grows there, how thickly settled, when settled. Whatever things can be shown in their rela tion to the environment gain an importance for geographic study that may not be intrinsically theirs. Very important characters of Michigan that can not be shown to be related to configuration, soil or climate have no present value from a geographic point of view. Michigan is truly a group of people and not a portion of North America, yet such is not a geographic point of view. This must concern itself with the part of the earth that Michigan occupies and in how far its life is affected by its home. If this is borne in mind, it will perhaps explain the lack of some things about the state that might be told here.
In connection with the paragraphs on Physiography, students are referred to the admirable report of the state geologist for 1904, just issued, and to Taylor's Short History of the Great Lakes, in Studies in Indiana Geog raphy, Inland Publishing Co Terre Haute, Ind.
Authorities for the relief map are: Frank Leverett for the lower penin sula and the country to the southeast; U. S. Relief map and Gannett diction ary of altitudes for Minnesota, Wisconsin and upper peninsula; and the Canadian dictionary of altitudes for Canada.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
Mark Sylvester William Jefferson was an American geographer.
Background
Jefferson was born on March 1, 1863, in Melrose, Massachusetts, the fifth son and youngest of seven children of Daniel Jefferson and Mary (Mantz) Jefferson. His father, an English bibliophile, immigrated to the United States in 1849 with his wife and first child. After a stay in Baltimore, he found work in the editorial department of a New York publishing firm, and later with Little, Brown and Company of Boston.
Education
Jefferson attended local public schools and at the age of 17 enrolled at Boston University in the eleven-man class of 1884. There he studied languages, physics, astronomy, and mathematics, and came to know fellow student Bernard Berenson. From 1897 to 1899 he studied geography and geology at Harvard (B. A. , 1897; M. A. , 1898).
Career
After three years at the university, an opportunity for serious work in Argentina presented itself. Eager to hear languages spoken in the philological laboratory of the Argentine, Jefferson accepted a position as assistant computer in the National Observatory of the Republic, working under Benjamin Apthorp Gould. He scanned the Southern heavens from Cordoba for three years until bothered by eye fatigue. For a time he taught languages in Cordoba; he then accepted a position as sub-manager and treasurer of La Providencia sugar estate on Argentina's frontier in the irrigable piedmont of the Andine Northwest.
In 1889 he returned to Boston, completed the requirements for a bachelor degree, then taught in the Mitchell Boys School at Billerica (1890-1891), was principal at Turners Falls High School (1891-1893), and superintendent of schools in Lexington, Massachusetts (1893-1896). For the next two years he worked under William Morris Davis, with whom he commenced an intellectual relationship that lasted until Davis' death in 1934. From 1898 to 1901 Jefferson taught at the Brockton High School. In 1900 he was invited to teach geography (in Spanish) at the Harvard Cuban summer school, and as a result of an admirable performance, Davis found him a position at the Michigan State Normal School, Ypsilanti, in 1901.
In the years 1901 to 1939, he taught sixty-two different courses at Ypsilanti, stimulating 15, 000 students, and developed a remarkable disciple-record that won for the college the appellation "nursery of America geographers. " Jefferson wrote texts for several of his courses: Teachers Geography (1906), Man in Europe (1924), Principles of Geography (1926), Exercises in Human Geography (1930), Man in the United States (1933). These and other texts and outline maps went through many editions. Notwithstanding his profound admiration for Davis' work it was in his departure from Davisian physiography that Jefferson perhaps made his largest contribution. Regarding the earth science recommended by the report of the 1892 Committee of Ten of the National Education Association as an incomplete geography, he insisted that man was an important part of the discipline. He helped prepare the influential "man in geography manifesto" presented before the NEA at Denver in 1908 and published much on this theme.
A vigorous and enthusiastic fieldworker, he visited parts of four continents, taking many photographs, and making many friends. In this way he amassed a remarkable collection of 7, 500 slides. Friendships created on these occasions led to a substantial correspondence. Facility in approximately thirteen languages enabled him to surmount linguistic barriers. Jefferson contributed approximately 120 books and articles to geographic literature. He presented twenty-five papers before the Association of American Geographers (a record for the first half century of Association existence, 1904-1954), and had more articles (thirty-one) published in The Geographical Review and its predecessor, The Bulletin of The American Geographical Society, than any other geographer before or since. Many of his contributions have won for themselves a permanent and abiding place in the history of the discipline; "The Anthropography of Some Great Cities" (1909), "The Civilizing Rails" (1928), "Distribution of the World's City Folks" (1931), and "The Law of the Primate City" (1939) are perhaps his most often quoted articles.
He was a pioneer in urban geography in the United States, minted the term "central place" (1931), and offered one of the first courses in urban geography in the United States ("Geography of Cities, " 1931). He was chief cartographer for the American Commission to Negotiate Peace at Paris, 1918-1919, and in this capacity helped supervise the compilation of some four hundred maps; he was appointed American representative to the Geographical Commission of the Paris Peace Conference. Jefferson died of pneumonia at his Ypsilanti home at the age of eighty-six, on August 8, 1949. Following cremation, his ashes were buried at Woodmere Cemetery in Detroit.
Achievements
Jefferson is best remembered for his contributions to the field of geography, being also the pioneer of urban geography.
Jefferson served as President of the Michigan Academy of Science (1907), President of the Association of American Geographers (1916), and was a member of the National Research Council (1932), a corresponding member of the Belgrade Geographical Society (1920), a corresponding member of the Anthropology and Geography Society, Stockholm (1925), and a corresponding member of the University of Belgrade Geographical Society (1932).
Connections
Jefferson married Theodora Augusta Bohnstedt at Gilmanton, New Hampshire, on August 22, 1891. They had 5 children. After his wife's death in 1913, he married Clara Frances Hopkins at Holland, Michigan, on June 17, 1915. The couple had 3 children.
Father:
Daniel Jefferson
Mother:
Mary Mantz
Spouse:
Theodora Augusta Bohnstedt
Spouse:
Clara Frances Hopkins
Daughter:
Sally Jefferson
Daughter:
Phoebe Jefferson
Daughter:
Mary Alice Jefferson
Daughter:
Barbara Jefferson
Daughter:
Hilary Jefferson
Son:
Thomas Jefferson
Son:
Geoffrey Jefferson
Son:
Theodore Jefferson
Friend:
William Morris Davis
He was an American geographer, geologist, geomorphologist, and meteorologist, often called the "father of American geography."