Background
Mary Bancroft was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States in 1903 and was the daughter of Mary Agnes Cogan and of Hugh Bancroft.
Mary Bancroft was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States in 1903 and was the daughter of Mary Agnes Cogan and of Hugh Bancroft.
Mary Bancroft graduated from The Winsor School, in Boston in 1921, and attended Smith College for three months in 1922.
After her marriage to a Swiss businessman she started her career as a journalist in neutral Switzerland during World War II. During this time Bancroft was also recruited by Allen Dulles to work for the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Bancroft’s duties included interviewing refugees from Germany and German occupied territories, translating dispatches, and acting as intermediary between the OSS and resistance movements. It was Bancroft who first learned of the German military plot to assassinate Adolph Hitler. She described her childhood, wartime spy activity, and her affair with Dulles in the 1983 book Autobiography of a Spy. After the war Bancroft also wrote the books Upside Down in the Magnolia Tree (1952) and The Inseparables (1958). A friend of psychologist Carl Jung, she often lectured on his work. She was also a translator, author, and prolific letter writer and was active in U.S. Democratic politics.
Mary married Sherwin Badger, figure skating champion of the U.S.A.They had three children. They were divorced in 1932. In 1935 she married Jean Rufenacht, a Swiss businessman.