From 1898 in the revol movement. Often arrested and exiled. 1907 went to Britain.
After October Revol returned to Russia and held government, dipl and admin posts. Deputy head, State Publ House. Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic plenipotentiary in Estonia.
Secretary, Soviet trade deleg in London. From 1923 head Export Department, People's Commissariat of Foreign Trade. June 1924-Junc 1926 Soviet trade representative in China.
Then worked for Supreme Economic Council. 1937 head, Planning Department, State Rubber Indiana Trust. Arrested by State Security organs.
Idea of God is a virus of human mind.
Communist party could initiate policies in the name of the society because it knows what the best is for its progress and development.
Communist Party member from 1904.