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Nicholas Vachel Lindsay Edit Profile

poet

Nicholas Vachel Lindsay was an American poet.

Background

Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, known as Vachel Lindsay, was born on November 10, 1879 in Springfield, Illinois, United States. His paternal ancestry was Kentuckian, his maternal Virginian, and on both sides it was Scotch. His father, Vachel Thomas Lindsay, one of the pioneer settlers in the Springfield region, was a physician; his mother, Catharine (Frazee) Lindsay, possessed some literary talent and was an ardent member of the Christian Church. Their son early developed the combined interest in religion, poetry, and art, which was to dominate his entire life.

Education

Lindsay graduated from the local high school in 1897. Then he attended Hiram College in Ohio for three years with the thought of entering the ministry. This aim was then abandoned for the study of art at the Chicago Art Institute night school, 1900-1903, and later continued at the New York School of Art, 1904-1905, where he worked under William M. Chase and Robert Henri.

Career

Lindsay worked in Marshall Field's wholesale department. In 1905-1906 he lectured on art at the West Side Y. M. C. A. At the age of eighteen, he wrote a few intermittent poems, and, in the spring of 1906, being without funds and unable to obtain work, he started on his famous walking trip through the South, distributing a poem, "The Tree of Laughing Bells, " in exchange for bed and board. After further Y. M. C. A. lecturing in New York City, he drifted back to Illinois in 1908, where in the course of the winter he appeared on Y. M. C. A. programs at Springfield and during the next two years stumped the state on behalf of the Anti-Saloon League.

In the spring of 1912 he attempted to repeat his Southern adventure on a walking trip to the Pacific Coast, but he found the Western ranchmen less hospitable to the claims of poetry and his journey came to a sudden end in New Mexico. His first volume of poetry, General William Booth Enters into Heaven and Other Poems (1913), attracted little attention, but its successor, The Congo and Other Poems (1914), met with wide popular acclaim. The title-poem started a whole school of literature devoted to the negro; its striking originality of conception, its imaginative reach, and its infectious, insistent rhythms ensure its literary immortality. In it Lindsay created a new poetic music of ragtime and echolalia, a blend of speech and song, clattering but impassioned, that well expressed the hurtling energy of America.

His new technique was exercised with almost equal felicity in "A Negro Sermon: Simon Legree" and "John Brown, " while in the more conventional verse of "The Eagle that is Forgotten" (in honor of Altgeld) and of "Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight" he achieved high dignity and prophetic power. His unusual temperament, that of a revivalist preacher poetically inspired, and devoted to the political liberalism of the West, enabled him for a time to realize in his poetry a Messianic quality that responded to the hopes of the hour. The lyrical impact of his style, united with its whimsicality and colloquial phrasing, seemed to infuse a new note of aspiration into everyday existence. His remarkable chanting of his own verses was in these first years an unforgettable experience for his auditors, and he became in the popular mind a romantic modern analogue of the medieval troubadour. (Thirty phonograph records of his chantings, not made, unfortunately, until late in his career, are in the possession of the library of Barnard College. )

Unquestionably, Lindsay's influence counted greatly in the contemporary revival of American poetry. But his genius early began to show signs of exhaustion. The Chinese Nightingale and Other Poems (1917) was notably uneven, and The Golden Whales of California and Other Rhymes (1920) was, for the most part, labored and artificial. When he was invited in 1920 to recite his poems at Oxford University--the first American poet to be so honored--Lindsay's creative work was already definitely over; the season of British lionizing that followed marked the high point of his public recognition which hence-forth steadily declined. Essentially intuitive, and almost totally devoid of critical ability--his prose works, The Art of the Moving Picture (1915) and The Golden Book of Springfield (1920) show the extravagance of his generous enthusiasms--he became in his later years a formalized echo of himself. As his creative power lessened, his manner grew steadily more pompous and hieratic. Of his later volumes, Going-to-the-Sun (1923) is chiefly interesting because of its bizarre illustrations by the author; Going-to-the-Stars (1926) and The Candle in the Cabin (1926) are both quite negligible; while The Litany of Washington Street (1929), a prose collection of orations on an imaginary highway stretching from California to India, though better than the later poetry, expresses little more than a vague emotional idealism.

His last days were spent in his native town of Springfield. They were ended, suddenly and unexpectedly, by heart failure on December 5, 1931.

Achievements

  • Lindsay had a reputation of a serious literary artist and he was considered a founder of modern singing poetry. His poems such as "The Santa Fe Trail, " "Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight, " and "The Congo" became a part of the nation's literary heritage.

Works

All works

Personality

Lindsay attracted local attention by his personal eccentricities, such as his habit of dining publicly with a number of huge dolls set up at his table.

Connections

Lindsay was married on May 19, 1925, to Elizabeth Conner of Spokane, Washington, where he resided for a time. There were two children, a son and a daughter.

Father:
Vachel Thomas Lindsay

physician

Mother:
Catharine (Frazee) Lindsay

Spouse:
Elizabeth Conner