Background
KRAVKOV, Nikolay was born on March 8, 1865 in Ryazan’.
KRAVKOV, Nikolay was born on March 8, 1865 in Ryazan’.
1888 graduate Natural Sciences Department, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Saint St. Petersburg University. 1892 graduate Saint St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy.
After graduate from Military Medical Academy studied hydrocarbon metabolism at V. V. Pashutin's Laboratory. 1894 defended doctor’s thesis on experimentally induced amyloid in animals. Obtained first experimental liver amyloid and described the biochemical features of this process.
1898-1899 associate professor Chair of General Pathology, 1899-1924 professor and head, Chair of Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy. 1924 head, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medical
Believed that pharmacology should be treated as a branch of biology. Did research on the effect of toxic agents in relationship to dosage, the combined effect of such agents, how they are affected by temperature changes and how the body tissues adapt to them. Devised hypothesis of the phased action of drugs and demonstrated the existence of three stages of tissue reaction to them - the “entry," "absorption" and "exit” stages.
Also devised new methods of studying isolated organs which are still in general use. 1904 perfused isolated organs with Ringer and Locke’s solution to study vascular pharmacology. Also used this method to study the endocrine glands and the reaction of their secretion to toxic agents.
Pioneered comparative and evolutionary pharmacology and the pharmacology of pathological processes. Used isolated human fingers, hearts, kidneys and spleens to investigate the functional capacity of the blood vessels, established that the reaction of human coronary vessels to adrenalin changes with age. Also did major research on the relationship between the effect of drugs and their chemical structure with special reference to narcotics and soporifics of the fatty series.
Pioneered the use of hedonal and other non-volatile soporifics as general anesthetics.
There is no conclusive logical argument for the existence of God. His existence is continuously debated.
Marxism–Leninism as the only truth could not, by its very nature, become outdated.
Correspondent member, Russian Academy of Sciences from 1920.