Seedtime and harvest. A graphic summary of seasonal work on farm crops
(This reproduction was printed from a digital file created...)
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(Excerpt from The Outlook for Rural Youth
Q Policyholders...)
Excerpt from The Outlook for Rural Youth
Q Policyholders' Service Bureau, Metropolitan Life Insurance Cc., James L. Madden, third vice president. Industrial Development in the United States and Canada.
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(Excerpt from Farming as a Life Work
A good farmer on goo...)
Excerpt from Farming as a Life Work
A good farmer on good-land, and enough of it, is likely to make a better living than he would make in a city.
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A Graphic Summary of Physical Features and Land Utilization in the United States (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A Graphic Summary of Physical Features and L...)
Excerpt from A Graphic Summary of Physical Features and Land Utilization in the United States
Several important trends in American agriculture were reversed during the recent depression. Three especially deserve notice.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
A Graphic Summary of Farm Crops (Based Largely on the Census of 1930 and 1935) (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A Graphic Summary of Farm Crops (Based Large...)
Excerpt from A Graphic Summary of Farm Crops (Based Largely on the Census of 1930 and 1935)
The agricultural conquest of a virgin continent, mostly within a century, constitutes a pageant which may never occur again in human history. Essentially this conquest consisted of the preparation of the soil for the production of crops. Until less than a century ago, it was a slow-moving procession through one of the largest and densest forests in the world. Then, after a pause of perplexity at the prairie margin, the pioneers brought the grassed half of the United States into use for cr0ps in record time. The progress of settlement was, in general, from the poorer lands of the Atlantic coast to the better lands of the Pied mont and limestone valleys, then to the good forested soils of the Eastern Mississippi Valley, and still later to the excellent soils of the prairies. Instead of advancing onto poorer and poorer land, as the classical economists of England assumed, the movement until 1880 or 1890 was onto better and better land.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Oliver Edwin Baker was an American economic geographer.
Background
Oliver Edwin Baker was born on September 10, 1883 in Tiffin, Ohio, the only child of Edwin Baker and Martha Ranney (Thomas) Baker. His father, a descendant of Rev. Nicholas Baker, who emigrated from England to Massachusetts in 1635, was a seafaring man from Cape Cod who moved to Tiffin and became a carpet merchant; his mother, also born in New England, had been a teacher.
Education
Mother looked after much of her son's early education, for he was a frail child and was often forced to miss school. Although asthma and other health problems plagued him, Baker obtained a broad education. He attended Tiffin's Heidelberg University, a small liberal-arts college affiliated with the United Church of Christ, and earned a bachelor's degree in 1903, emphasizing mathematics, history, and botany, and a master's degree the following year, in sociology and philosophy. He then earned a second master's degree at Columbia University in 1905, this time in political science, and studied forestry at Yale in 1907-1908. Next, he became a graduate student in agriculture at the University of Wisconsin, specializing in soils and doing research on the effects of climate on Wisconsin agriculture.
In 1921 earned a Ph. D. in economics at the University of Wisconsin.
In 1937, he received an honorary Ph. D. from Göttingen University.
Career
Long interested in geography, he developed maps of climates and soils and studied Henry C. Taylor's mapping of agricultural production. When William J. Spillman of the Office of Farm Management, U. S. Department of Agriculture, became interested in exploring a geographical approach to farm problems, Taylor recommended Baker for the job. Joining the department in 1912, Baker embarked upon several significant, long-term projects delineating agricultural regions and mapping the physical basis of agriculture, agricultural production, and agricultural trade. As his geographical work moved forward, Baker enlarged the economic dimension. Encouraged by Taylor, a pioneer in agricultural economics, he returned to the University of Wisconsin and earned a Ph. D. in economics in 1921 with a dissertation on land utilization. When the USDA's Bureau of Agricultural Economics was established in 1922, with Taylor as chief, Baker became a member.
During the next decade, he published extensively on land utilization, working closely with L. C. Gray and contributing to the changes taking place in thinking about land policy. Before the end of the 1920's, Baker began to shift his attention to population problems, influenced by the farm crisis, the shift of population to the cities, and the sharp drop in the birthrate. That drop had, he believed, brought to an end an era of extraordinary increase in population and of agricultural expansion. Now, he suggested, instead of the food scarcities that had been feared, food supply exceeded demand in the United States and seemed likely to continue to do so, for soon the population would begin to decline. His conclusions influenced the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations, contributing to their attempts at land-use planning and to their efforts to cut back on agricultural production and to develop new communities. Baker hoped to reverse undesirable trends. Worried that society would soon not have enough leaders, he urged well-educated people to have more children. Very critical of city life, he called for improvements in rural living that would make it more attractive to able people, and he advocated a "rurban" civilization that would combine industrial and commercial employment with life in villages and suburbs and part-time farming. Such developments would, he was convinced, strengthen family ties, improve land-use practices, and increase the birthrate.
Baker left the Department of Agriculture in 1942 to become professor and department chairman at the University of Maryland. He created and developed the department of geography, building it into an important part of the profession. He remained active in research, assisting in the development of an atlas of the world's natural resources and another on China. And, although the "baby boom" had begun, his concern with population trends persisted. As the cold war began, he warned that within a century the United States would be dominated by Russia because of America's declining birthrate and luxury living. Baker resigned as department chairman in July 1949, hoping to push his research forward, but he died suddenly, of a coronary occlusion, at his home in College Park, on December 2, 1949. His funeral service was held in his home.
Achievements
As a geographer, Baker did pioneering work of basic significance, helped to broaden the discipline, and carried his research and theories into the policy-making arena. His contributions were widely recognized. In 1937, he received an honorary Ph. D. from Göttingen University.
(Excerpt from The Outlook for Rural Youth
Q Policyholders...)
Religion
Although he had been raised as a Methodist and regarded the church as a valuable institution, he had not been a member.
Personality
A research leader as well as a research worker, Baker had a personality that suited him for both roles. Although he was not physically strong, he worked hard and creatively. He accepted suggestions from those who worked with him, was interested in their work, and inspired, encouraged, and helped them.
Connections
He married Alice Hargrave Crew, the daughter of a distinguished physicist, on Dec. 30, 1925. They had three daughters, Helen Thomas, Sabra Zilpha, and Mildred Coale, and one son, Edwin Crew. The family lived on a large suburban plot that enabled them to raise chickens and cows and cultivate a garden.