Background
Hay Oliver Perry was born on May 22, 1846, near Hanover, Indiana, United States, the eldest son of Robert L. and Margaret Crawford Hay.
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(In this treatise on the Fossil Turtles of North America t...)
In this treatise on the Fossil Turtles of North America there are described 266 species, of which 76 are regarded as hitherto unknown to science. In the preparation of this work the writer has had access to most of the collections which contain remains of North American fossil turtles. The most important of these collections is that of the American Museum of Natural History, inN ew York. In this are found many of the specimens described by Professor E. D. Cope, including many of his types. In addition to these, large numbers of turtles have been brought together by the expeditions sent out by this museum during the past fifteen years. Free access has been given the writer to the materials in the United States National Museum, where there are many of the specimens described by Dr. Joseph Leidy and Professor Cope; to those of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, where are found other materials rendered precious by the labors of the authors just mentioned; to those of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh; the Field Natural History Museum, Chicago; the University of Kansas, Lawrence; the University ofT exas, and the University of Nebraska. At Yale University the writer has been permitted to study and describe valuable materials brought together by Professor O. C. Marsh, besides other specimens which form the types of species described more recently by Dr. George R. Wieland. Thru the courtesy of Professor W. S. Valiant some of Dr. Leidy stypes preserved at Rutgers College were made accessible. Specimens for study have been sent to the writer from most of the museums mentioned; also from the University of Chicago, by Mr. S. W. Williston; from the University of California, by Dr. J. C. Merriam; from the Geological Survey of Canada, by Mr. L. M. Lambe; and from the Vanderbilt University, Nashville, by Professor L. C. Glenn. It has been the authors earnest wish (Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.)
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(Excerpt from On the Manner of Locomotion of the Dinosaurs...)
Excerpt from On the Manner of Locomotion of the Dinosaurs, Especially Diplodocus, With Remarks on the Origin of the Birds I grant that Dr. Abel's efforts are along a line where they are needed. Those who believe in the mammal-like gait of Diplodocus ought to give their reasons therefor. I do not assert that reasonable argu ments for their View cannot be produced, but hitherto the correctness of this view has been assumed. The subject is a difficult one and needs to be studied from various points of View and by all who have the Opportunity. And in studying the movements of animals one soon learns that they can assume so many positions that one may be at loss, in the case of an extinct creature, to determine which positions were the usual ones. In the primitive condition the limbs of the Tetrapoda stand out at right angles with the body,2 and in approximately this position they are found in most Amphibia and Reptilia. When these animals are walking, the humerus and the femur move backward and forward mostly in horizontal planes. In most mammals, on the contrary, the humerus is turned backward against the thorax and the femur forward against the flank. The hand, which otherwise would be directed backward, is turned forward by the crossing Of the bones of the lower arm. The movements of arm and leg are then mostly in sagittal planes. In the duckbill and the echidnas the limbs have retained the position found in most reptiles. N ow, among all the reptiles that live today there are none, except perhaps the chameleons, that have attained even an approach to the condition found among the mammals. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Hay Oliver Perry was born on May 22, 1846, near Hanover, Indiana, United States, the eldest son of Robert L. and Margaret Crawford Hay.
Oliver's formal education began in a little country schoolhouse in central Illinois, whither the family had moved when he was about four years of age. With a view to becoming a minister, he entered Eureka College, and in spite of many interruptions due to financial difficulties, graduated in 1870. He spent the academic year 1876-1877 as a graduate student at Yale. He received the degree of Ph. D. from Indiana University in 1884.
After attempting his first sermon, Oliver Hay decided that preaching was not his vocation. His interest in natural science, developed while in college, now stood him in good stead: he was appointed professor of natural sciences at Eureka College where he remained until 1874, when he went in a like capacity to Oskaloosa College, Iowa. He spent two years as professor of natural sciences at Abingdon College, and was then appointed professor of biology and geology at Butler College, Indianapolis, where he remained from 1879 to 1892, assisting meanwhile in the state geological survey of Arkansas, 1884-1888, and of Indiana, 1891-1894. In 1895 he joined the staff of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, where he was assistant curator of zoology until 1897. In 1900 he went to New York to become assistant and later associate curator of vertebrate paleontology, in the American Museum of Natural History, a position which he held until 1907. After five years of private research in vertebrate paleontology, he was appointed research associate in the Carnegie Institution of Washington, where he remained until his retirement in 1926, at the age of eighty.
From his first paleontological expedition into western Kansas about 1889 or 1890, Hay’s whole scientific interest was devoted to paleontology, although his first publication on the subject did not appear until 1895. Two of his outstanding contributions to the science were The Fossil Turtles of North America (1908), a complete discussion of classification, distribution, and osteology, together with a detailed description of the orders, families, genera, and species, and The Pleistocene Geology of North America and its Vertcbrated Animals (1923 - 1927), three volumes dealing with the animals of the eastern, tniddle, and western portions of North America. In the latter work the divisions of the Pleistocene with their stratigraphical and time limits, the extinction of species, and the distribution by states of such groups as the horses, the elephants, the tapirs, bison, deer, beaver, and whales, were all carefully investigated and recorded.
From 1902 to 1905 Hay was associate editor of the American Geologist, and in 1904 he was a delegate to the International Congress of Zoology in Berne.
(In this treatise on the Fossil Turtles of North America t...)
(Excerpt from On the Manner of Locomotion of the Dinosaurs...)
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Hay was an active member of the Indiana Academy of Science and of many organizations of scientific character.
Hay possessed an extraordinary capacity for concentration upon special questions, but at the same time maintained a view of the whole field. In every undertaking he showed the utmost care, very close attention to detail, and a tireless pursuit in running down obscure points. He was a man of kindly disposition, absolute integrity, and possessed of a rare sense of humor. Though slow and cautious in drawing conclusions, when once convinced of their truthfulness, he held tenaciously to his decisions.
In 1870 Hay was married to Mary Emily Howsmon of Eureka.