The Works of John Robinson, Pastor of the Pilgrim Fathers; Volume 3
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An American Biographical and Historical Dictionary: Containing an Account of the Lives, Characters, and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons in North ... a Summary of the History of the Several...
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Wunnissoo; Or, the Vale of Hoosatunnuk, a Poem, with Notes
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An address, delivered at Northampton, Mass. : on the evening of October 29, 1854, in commemoration of the close of the second century since the settlement of the town
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William Allen was an American clergyman, educator and writer. He was the 3rd President of Bowdoin College.
Background
William Allen was born in Pittsfield, Massachussets, United States; the son of Reverend Thomas Allen and Elizabeth Lee, daughter of Reverend Jonathan Lee of Salisbury, Connecticut. On his father's side he was a descendant of Samuel Allen, a native of England, who died in Windsor, Connecticut, in 1648; and on his mother's, of Governor Bradford of Plymouth. His father was for forty-six years pastor of the First Congregational Church, Pittsfield. An ardent Jeffersonian, vigorously partisan in the pulpit and out, with no gift or taste for conciliation, he aroused much violent antagonism. His son grew up to hold the same political views and to display a like tendency to provoke opposition, though not with respect to matters political.
Education
Allen graduated from Harvard College at the age of eighteen, studied theology under Reverend John Pierce of Brookline, Massachussets, and was licensed to preach by the Berkshire Association in 1804.
Career
Allen was an assistant librarian and regent at Harvard from 1805 to 1810. It was while here that he prepared the first edition of his dictionary. In 1810 his father died, and on October 10 of that year he was ordained to succeed him as pastor at Pittsfield. Here he remained until 1817. His pastorate, though less stormy than his father's, was not untroubled. He insisted upon strict compliance with the letter of the law and his unyielding disposition and rigorous enforcement of church discipline made him many enemies.
A son-in-law of President Wheelock, a pronounced Democrat, and a firm believer in the desirableness of a close union between college and state, he was a natural choice for a place on the Dartmouth University faculty when the New Hampshire legislature altered the charter of Dartmouth College, and attempted to reorganize that institution. Upon the death of President Wheelock in 1817 he was made his successor. During two years of litigation, with the college and university existing side by side, he administered the affairs of the latter as best he could, until it went out of existence as a result of the decision of the United States Supreme Court.
In December 1819 he was chosen president of Bowdoin College. Here he gathered about him a strong faculty, established the Medical School of Maine, and broadened the curriculum, especially with respect to modern languages, of which Henry W. Longfellow was made professor. The personal characteristics previously mentioned finally brought him into serious conflict with his trustees, however, and, in 1831, with a view to getting him out of office a piece of special legislation was enacted by the state, which provided that no person holding the office of president of any college in the state should hold that office beyond the day of the next commencement unless reelected by the trustees, and that he must receive two-thirds of all the votes given on the question of his election. Allen failed of reelection but took the legality of the act of the legislature before the federal circuit court, which declared it unconstitutional. The litigation extended over two years during which time he did not perform the duties of president. He resumed them in 1833, but increasing unpopularity with the students, together with the prejudice against him among the trustees, caused him to tender his resignation in 1838, to take effect the following year.
The rest of his life was spent in literary activity at Northampton, Massachussets. In addition to the Biographical Dictionary and numerous sermons and addresses, he published Accounts of Shipwreck and of Other Disasters at Sea, Designed to be Interesting and Useful to Mariners (1823); Junius Unmasked, or Lord George Sackville Proved to be Junius (1828); and many other works.
He died on July 16, 1868 in Northampton, Massachusetts.
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Personality
Allen is described as impassive, inflexible, stately, and stiff, but just, kind, and faithful; "more learned than apt to teach; a good ruler for all but the unruly. "
Connections
On January 28, 1813 Allen married Maria Malleville Wheelock, the only daughter of President Wheelock of Dartmouth College, by whom he had eight children. His wife died in 1828, and on December 2, 1831, he married Sarah Johnson Breed, the daughter of John McLaren and Rebecca Walker Breed of Norwich, Connecticut.