Education
Born in Peebles, he was educated at Peebles Public School and George Heriot"s School, Edinburgh. He gained an Master of Arts from University of Edinburgh in 1915, and was later awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws by the University in 1927.
Born in Peebles, he was educated at Peebles Public School and George Heriot"s School, Edinburgh. He gained an Master of Arts from University of Edinburgh in 1915, and was later awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws by the University in 1927.
After a time as a junior clerk in the War Office, he became a journalist. He joined the Independent Labour Party in 1906, and was elected to Edinburgh Town Council in 1913. He served as Labour Member of Parliament for Edinburgh Central from 1918 until 1931.
Early in his parliamentary career he found himself at odds with many Labour MPs and contemplated joining the Liberals.
He held office as Financial Secretary to the Treasury in 1924 (when he was sworn as a Privy Councillor) and as President of the Board of Trade from 1929-1931. He was responsible for the Coal-Mines Bill, several overseas missions, and industrial inquiries.
He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1924. He was joint Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1931 until his death.
31st United Kingdom Parliament. 32nd United Kingdom Parliament. 33rd United Kingdom Parliament.
34th United Kingdom Parliament.
35th United Kingdom Parliament]
He also served on the Royal Commissions on income-tax in 1919, and Oxford and Cambridge in 1920-1921, and was a Member of the Speaker"s Conference on Devolution in 1919-1920. He was also a Member of the Medical Research Council from 1920-1928.