Education
In 1909-1914, he studied law in Vienna and medicine in Krakow, and he joined the Polish Peasant Party (1911).
In 1909-1914, he studied law in Vienna and medicine in Krakow, and he joined the Polish Peasant Party (1911).
He was a politician in the Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish Peasant Party), deputy to Polish Sejm (1918-1921). There he continued his career as a communist activist, particularly in the Polish Autonomous District "Marchlewszczyzna", until - like most of the Polish communist activists in the Soviet Union - he was arrested and executed during the Great Purge. He was exonerated in 1956.
He eventually joined the Polish Communist Party (in 1920), for which in 1921 he was accused of subversive activities, stripped of his immunity as a member of the parliament and in 1923 extradited to the Soviet Union.