Career
Before World World War II, he published poems, and coedited a literary magazine. During World World War II, he joined the Polish resistance (Union of Armed Struggle, ZWZ), was arrested by the Germans and imprisoned in the Auschwitz concentration camp, where he also joined the camp"s resistance. After the war, he joined the communist party.
He was a deputy to Polish parliament (Sejm) from 1972 to 1980.
From 1965 he was a secretary general of the International Auschwitz Committee.