Education
Krasheninnikov was educated in the Slavic Greek Latin Academy of Moscow (1724-1732), where Lomonosov was his class-mate.
anthropologist Botanist explorer naturalist
Krasheninnikov was educated in the Slavic Greek Latin Academy of Moscow (1724-1732), where Lomonosov was his class-mate.
He was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1745. The Krasheninnikov Volcano on Kamchatka is named in his honour. As part of Vitus Bering’s extensive preparations for the Second Kamchatka Expedition, 12 students from the academy were selected as potential student interns or assistants for the professors – Krasheninnikov being one of them.
Thus, he furthered his education in Street St. Petersburg before embarking upon the Second Kamchatka Expedition (1731-1742).
Krasheninnikov was to study plants, animals and minerals, but in addition he developed a strong interest in Siberian history and geography. During the early part of the expedition, he accompanied professor Gmelin on the travel through the Urals and western Siberia to Yeniseysk.
He made numerous observations of natural history, ethnology and linguistics, e.g. records of Evenki (tungus) and Buryat vocabulary. From Bering’s headquarters at Yakutsk, the expedition professors Gmelin and Gerhard Friedrich Müller sent Krasheninnikov ahead to Okhotsk and Kamchatka to build house and make preliminary observations.
He published his observations in 1755 ("Описание земли Камчатки".
English translation by James Grieve (1764) as History of Kamtschatka). However, he drew extensively on the manuscripts of the deceased Georg Wilhelm Steller. Apart from detailed accounts of the plants and animals of the region, there also were reports on the language and culture of the indigenous Itelmen and Koryak peoples, who he reportedly got along extremely well with.
Krasheninnikov spent ten years on the Second Kamchatka Expedition.
He was appointed adjunct at the Academy of Sciences, and later head of the Academy’s Botanic Garden and professor of natural history at the university. He was one of only 26 Russians to become Academy members in the 18th century.
In 1752, Krasheninnikov went on his last expedition to the tracts of Ladoga and Novgorod to investigate the flora. He died before being able to publish his observations, which instead were published by David de Gorter.
More than 20 species have been named to his honour, e.g.
The sedge species Carex krascheninnikovii Komarov ex Hultén, which was collected by V. L. Komarov in 1909 on the same hillock that Krasheninnikov had found it on during the Second Kamchatka Expedition.
The genus Krascheninnikovia Gueldenst. (Chenopodiaceae).
On his return to Street St. Petersburg, he wrote and defended his doctoral thesis on ichthyology in 1745.
Russian Academy of Sciences. Russian Academy of Sciences]
Thus, he became the member of the expedition with the most extensive knowledge of the peninsula.