Background
Stockton was born in 1751, the youngest of the eight children of John Stockton and his wife Abigail, at Morven, the family estate in Princeton, New Jersey.
Stockton was born in 1751, the youngest of the eight children of John Stockton and his wife Abigail, at Morven, the family estate in Princeton, New Jersey.
Stockton studied law at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1767 and a Master of Arts degree in 1770.
He was the brother of Richard Stockton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1775 he went to London to continue his legal studies and was still abroad when the Revolutionary War broke out. In 1778 Stockton was instrumental in negotiating a secret treaty between the United States and the Dutch Republic that, when discovered by the British, sparked the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War.
He returned to New Jersey in 1779.
He unsuccessfully ran for secretary of the House of Representatives when the 1st United States Congress was organized in 1789. In 1792 he was an Alderman of Trenton, New Jersey.
In 1794 he was named Secretary of State of New Jersey after the death of Bowes Reed. He died in office on June 27, 1795 at the age of 44, after being thrown from his carriage in Trenton.