Career
Like Tolstoy, Khilkov became involved with emigration of the Doukhobor community in Russia to Canada, and he was part of an 1898 settlement exploratory delegation to Canada. In July 1899 Khilkov returned to Europe, and to Switzerland where his family were then living. Initially working closely with Biriukov and the Tolstoyans, Dmitrii was soon to renounce his former pacifism and by 1902 was advocating mass terrorism in Russia to overthrow the Tsarist regime.
His chief activity at this time was the publication and distribution of revolutionary literature particularly aimed at persecuted sectarians in Russia.
He urged also the formation of armed fighting squads to lead the revolutionary struggle. The Revolution of 1905 appeared to signal the imminent end of Tsarism, but Khilkov"s hopes of a general uprising were not to be.
His deep concern for the peasants remained and during 1905-1906 he participated in the active peasant movement in Sumy. Before long, however, this movement was suppressed and the revolutionary momentum in Russia stalled by government reaction.
lieutenant became clear to Khilkov that the path of revolution offered no hope and the direction of his life once more began to change.
From 1907 he began to abandon his radical views and was drawn increasingly towards the Orthodox Church. The military threat to Russia stirred Dmitrii to volunteer to rejoin his old Cossack regiment with his former rank of lieutenant colonel. Early in World War I, in October 1914, while leading a patrol on the Eastern front in Galicia, Dmitrii Khilkov was killed by a single shot.
His body was returned and buried at Pavlovki.