Career
Born in 1930, Hoa was from a southern upper-class family, which had been Frenchified during the colonial era. After completing her secondary schooling in Vietnam, she moved to Paris in the 1950s, where she became a communist. Upon finishing her degree, she returned to southern Vietnam, which following the partition of Vietnam following the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the Geneva Conference had become part of the anti-communist Republic of Vietnam.
During this period of the late 1950s and early 1960s, Hoa spied for the communists, as she socialised with the Saigon elite at cocktail parties with the inner circle of President Ngo Dinh Diem and the American advisors in Vietnam, who were oblivious to the fact that the upper-class southerner was a communist.
There, the couple"s son died of encephalitis. She was appointed as the Vietcong"s deputy minister of health in its Provisional Revolutionary Government, a body that was set up at the order of North Vietnam to give the Vietcong political legitimacy.
She was named as a "heroine of the revolution. Of her involvement with the Vietcong, she said in 1981, "We had no choice.
We had to get rid of the foreigners."
Following the war she administered a children"s hospital in the newly renamed Ho Chi Minh City.
After the communist takeover, Hoa eventually became a vocal critic of communist rule. My ideals are gone."
Hoa also attacked the cadres who later moved into the south after the reunification and dominated the communist ruling class, whom she felt were inattentive to southern regional characteristics and sensitivities. She was particularly critical of the forced land collectivisation programs, noting that some southern peasants went to the Vietcong due to their policy of land reform, whereas the South Vietnam had been proponents of land policies that were favourable to the landed gentry.
Of the northerners who ruled over the south, she expressed her contempt, saying that "They behave as though they conquered us." At the time, the failure of the rice harvest and declining food rations had seen record levels of malnutrition at the hospital that she ran.
Party officials have never understood the need for rational development. They"ve been hypnotized by Marxist slogans that have lost validity — if they were ever valid.