Career
He was dismissed in May 1950 by the Emperor Bao Dai under pressure from the French colonial authorities, who resented his pro-American and nationalist attitude. He was in the 1920s-1930s the deputy leader of the Parti Constitutionnaliste Indochinois, a nationalist party founded in 1923 and led by Bui Quang ChiêUniversity He was elected as colonial councillor.
He was elected in 1936 as president of the Congrès Universel des Sectes Caodaïques, an attempted unified caodai movement, which eventually failed.
After 1945, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Interior as well as editor of L"Écho du Vietnam.