Significance of the Lead and Shot Trade in Early Wisconsin History, Vol. 2: Chronicle of the Helena Shot-Tower (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Significance of the Lead and Shot Trade in E...)
Excerpt from Significance of the Lead and Shot Trade in Early Wisconsin History, Vol. 2: Chronicle of the Helena Shot-Tower
When J ohn Bull talks of war, he stretches his muscular form on his ele vated plains, and shaking his head, looks at the North East Boundary.
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Dewitt Clinton And The Erie Canal: A State Enterprise...
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DeWitt Clinton And The Erie Canal: A State Enterprise
Orin Grant Libby
University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1893
The Geographical Distribution of the Vote of the Thirteen States On the Federal Constitution, 1787-8, Volume 1,&Nbsp;Issue 1
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Orin Grant Libby was born on June 9, 1864 near Hammond, Wisconsin, United States, the son of Asa B. Libby and Julia W. Barrows Libby. His father, a farmer, worked also as a mason, carpenter, and blacksmith and served in various county and township offices.
Education
Libby attended Wisconsin State Normal School, in nearby River Falls, from 1881 to 1884 and from 1885 to 1886. When he was twenty-six he entered the University of Wisconsin as a junior. In 1892, having earned the B. Litt. degree, he began graduate work with Frederick Jackson Turner, only three years his senior. Libby received the M. A. in 1893; the following year his doctoral dissertation, The Geographical Distribution of the Vote of the Thirteen States on the Federal Constitution, 1787-1788, was published. This magnum opus of Turner's extraordinarily gifted student brought, in the words of Fulmer Mood, "the study of American political and constitutional history down from the clouds and set it firmly on the ground. " In it, Libby plotted on his celebrated map the votes for and against the Constitution and recorded the economic and geographical facts behind the voting pattern.
Career
From 1886 to 1890 Libby taught in Wisconsin high schools. From 1895 he taught at Wisconsin as a colleague of Turner while pioneering in quantitative history with his study of the geographical distribution of yeas and nays in Congress. This technique, leading to an economic interpretation of history, was, he said, "the laboratory method of the botanist, the chemist, and the geologist applied to human action. . The abstract proposition with its finespun logic, its carefully drawn deductions and its infallible conclusions is thus relegated to the limbo of medieval rubbish. "
In 1902 Turner terminated Libby's appointment, citing his uncooperativeness and especially the time he was spending on ornithology, in which field Libby was publishing scholarly articles. Forced out of his position, Libby accepted an assistant professorship at the fledgling University of North Dakota. Libby was president of the North Dakota State Historical Society from 1903 until 1909 (he was also its secretary from 1903 to 1945, and editor of its annual Collections from 1905 to 1925). In 1913 Charles A. Beard, in An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution, relied heavily on the Geographical Distribution but challenged Libby's new studies of congressional voting in the Federalist period in his Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy. Libby roundly denounced both these works by Beard as carrying twentieth-century socioeconomic controversies back into the eighteenth century, thereby falsifying the motives of the Founding Fathers in the establishment of the new government in 1789.
Libby served as a president of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association (since 1965 the Origanization of American Historians) from 1909 to 1910. His attention and energies turned increasingly to the upper reaches of the Mississippi and Missouri valleys, which he called the New Northwest. He produced archaeological reports and, in recording Mandan and Hidatsa history and legends, won from the Mandans the name "Long-Man-Who-Gets-Things-Right. " In a series of papers he challenged particulars of Francis Parkman's account of the eighteenth-century La Vérendrye explorations in the Missouri country, an effort that achieved only limited acceptance among scholars. He provided additional perspective on the Battle of the Little Big Horn with The Arikara Narrative of the Campaign against the Hostile Dakotas, June 1876 (1920).
In 1926 Libby launched the North Dakota Historical Quarterly, which he edited until 1944; until the 1940's, he traveled widely in North Dakota and Minnesota in search of artifacts and pioneer narratives. He retired in June 1945. Although Libby's Geographical Distribution began, in H. H. Bellot's view, "the development of the present view of the origins and character of the Constitution, " his reputation was eclipsed by that of Beard because of the broader scope of the latter's writing. Yet in the 1940's Beard adopted a view of the motivation of the Fathers of the Constitution like that advanced by Libby thirty years before. Young scholars in the 1960's have found Libby more sophisticated and satisfying than Beard.
A progressive in politics, Libby opposed American involvement in World War I, deploring the efforts of the "war capitalist, the hysterical jingoist and hired scribbler" to saddle the United States with the "curse of war preparedness. " "English-speaking peace lovers" would triumph, he believed, and without war, in time "the poor and oppressed, as well as the rich and the mighty, may really begin to live. . " After 1920 he became identified, in the minds of conservative administrators, faculty members, and students, with the socialisttinged Nonpartisan League. In the vicious fight that developed--involving politics and a clash of personality as well as faculty resistance to a new strong-willed president who was especially friendly to the businessmen of the community--he was saved from dismissal by his national prestige and his earlier service to the state.
Connections
On September 12, 1900, Libby married Eva Gertrude Cory. They had two children.