Career
As a student, his instructors included Ernst Curtius, Hermann Diels and Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff. After graduation, he worked in Berlin as an assistant to Carl Robert. From 1890 to 1893, he traveled to Italy, Greece and Asia Minor, where he took part in excavations at Magnesia on the Maeander as an assistant to Carl Humann.
In 1894 he qualified as a lecturer at Berlin, subsequently becoming an associate professor at the University of Rostock (1897).