Background
Crewe was the eldest son of John Crewe, Member of Parliament for Cheshire between 1734 and 1753, and grandson of John Offley Crewe who had also held the same seat before him.
Crewe was the eldest son of John Crewe, Member of Parliament for Cheshire between 1734 and 1753, and grandson of John Offley Crewe who had also held the same seat before him.
He is chiefly remembered for his sponsorship of Crewe"s Acting of 1782, which barred customs officers and post office officials from voting. In 1764 he was chosen High Sheriff of Cheshire, and he entered parliament at a by-election in 1765 as Whig member for Stafford. But at the next general election, in 1768, he was returned unopposed for Cheshire, which he represented for the next 34 years.
He was never opposed for Cheshire, and presumably was highly regarded locally: the Dictionary of National Biography records that he was "an enlightened agriculturalist and a good landlord".
In the factional politics of the Whig Party, Crewe was initially a friend and follower of the Duke of Grafton, but later became a particular supporter of Charles James Fox, apparently subsidising him to the tune of £1200 a year. After Fox"s resignation from office in 1782, the incoming administration considered offering Crewe some governmental office to secure his support, but were told that his only ambition was for a peerage.
He remained loyal to Fox, and in February 1784 was on Fox"s list of new peers to be made should he return to office as he hoped. Crewe was created Baron Crewe on 25 February 1806.
Crewe rarely spoke in the House of Commons, and more than half his recorded contributions concerned a single measure, the Parliament Acting of 1782 which thereafter bore his name.
This was an attempt to curb a particular source of corruption in elections: in many of the rotten boroughs of the period, only a few votes were needed to swing elections, and it was common for those who held the power of appointment to various well-paid official posts to reserve these for voters in return for co-operation at election time. The scale of the problem may be judged by Prime Minister Rockingham"s statement that 11,500 officers of customs and excise were electors, and that 70 Commons seats were decided chiefly by such votes. William Dowdeswell had attempted in 1770 to put a stop to this practice by preventing officers of the Custom, Excise and Post Office from voting.
This measure had not reached the statute book, but Crewe introduced a bill with the same object in 1780 and again in 1781, succeeding on the latter occasion in passing it into law.
Unfortunately, the new regulation was easily evaded, as the power of patronage was simply shifted to offer lucrative offices to the voters" relatives instead of to the voters themselves. Lord Crewe died in 1829.
1st United Kingdom Parliament. 12th Parliament of Great Britain. 13th Parliament of Great Britain.
14th Parliament of Great Britain.
15th Parliament of Great Britain. 16th Parliament of Great Britain.
17th Parliament of Great Britain. 18th Parliament of Great Britain.